Woolwich massage increases the smoothness of breast milk production in early postpartum mothers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33992/jik.v14i2.5099Keywords:
Breast milk, early postpartum, smoothness, wolwich massageAbstract
Breast milk is the optimal nutritional intake for infants. However, breastfeeding coverage in Badung Regency remains suboptimal at 85.4%, largely due to insufficient breast milk production in early postpartum. This quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design was conducted in October 2025. The study population comprised mothers on postpartum days 3–7. Using an unpaired numerical two-group comparison formula, 27 participants per group were recruited via consecutive sampling based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument was developed in 2019 and had demonstrated good reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.865. Univariate analysis revealed that most respondents were aged 20–35 years, had secondary education, were employed, and were primiparous. The mean post-test score in the control group was 5.04, compared to 7.37 in the treatment group. The mean change from pretest to posttest was 0.19 in the control group and 2.37 in the treatment group. Bivariate analysis using the Mann–Whitney test yielded p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating that Woolwich massage significantly increases breast milk production smoothness in early postpartum at Mengwi I Community Health Center. Midwives are encouraged to provide counseling during third-trimester pregnancy classes on lactation preparation and Woolwich massage application.
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