Gambaran Karakteristik Ibu Dengan Bayi Yang Mengalami Kelainan Kongenital Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2020

Abstract

Kelainan kongenital adalah kelainan yang sudah ada sejak lahir yang dapat disebabkan oleh faktor genetik maupun non genetic. Kelainan kongenital dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan International Clasification of Diasease (ICD)10. Penelitian ini untuk bertujuan mengetahui proporsi dan mengidentifikasi ibu yang melahirkan bayi yang mengalami kelainan kongenital berdasarkan usia, pendidikan, paritas dan kebiasaan merokok. Bayi  yang dirawat sebanyak 791 bayi, 153 kasus (19,3%) mengalami kelainan bawaan. Jenis kelainan ditemukan yaitu sistem percernaan sebanyak 59 kasus (40%), sistem sirkulasi  42 kasus (28,6%),  kelainan kromosom 17 kasus (11,6%), sistem saraf 15 kasus (10,2%), sistem muskeloskeleton 6 kasus (4,1%), sistem perkemihan dua kasus (1,4%), system pernafasan satu kasus (0,7%) dan malformasi kongenital lain satu kasus (0,7%). Subjek penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan kelainan bawaan, sebagian besar berada pada rentang usia 20-35 tahun sebanyak 111 orang (75,5%), paling banyak dengan multipara 93 orang (63,3%), tingkat pendidikan menengah paling dominan sekitar 76 orang  (51,7%) dan sebagian tidak merokok sekitar 67 orang (89,5%).  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor ibu mempunya peran penting terjadinya kelainan bawaan pada bayi.

Kata kunci: Kelainan kongenital, Karakteristik Ibu, Rumah Sakit 

Congenital disorders are disorders that have been present since birth which can be caused by genetic or non-genetic. Congenital abnormalities can be classified based on Clasification of Diasease (ICD)10. This study aims to determine the proportion and identify mothers who gave birth to babies with congenital abnormalities based on age, education, parity and smoking habits. 791 babies were treated, 153 cases (19.3%) had congenital abnormalities. The types of abnormalities found were the digestive system in 59 cases (40%), the circulatory system 42 cases (28.6%), chromosomal abnormalities in 17 cases (11.6%), the nervous system in 15 cases (10.2%), the muskeloskeleton system 6 cases (4.1%), urinary system in two cases (1.4%), respiratory system in one case (0.7%) and other congenital malformations in one case (0.7%). Research subjects based on the characteristics of mothers who gave birth to babies with congenital abnormalities, most of them were in the age range of 20-35 years as many as 111 people (75.5%), the most with multipara 93 people (63.3%), secondary education was the most dominant about 76 people (51.7%) and some do not smoke about 67 people (89.5%). The results of this study indicate that maternal factors have an important role in the occurrence of congenital abnormalities in infants.

Keywords: Congenital disorder, Mother characteristic, Hospital