THE EFFECT OF FRANGIPANI FLOWER ETHANOL EXTRACT ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) LEVELS IN MALE WISTAR RATS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND VAPE

Austin Widyasari Wijaya Putu, Pharmawati Made, Evayanti Luh Gde, Sri Ekayanti Ni Wayan, Indah Kusumadewi Riandra Ni Putu, Hwee Ming Cheng

Abstract


Background: Both types of cigarettes (traditional and electric) have negative health effects, and public interest remains high. Based on several studies, antioxidants are known to counteract the effects of ROS caused by cigarettes. One of them is frangipani (Plumeria alba) which has phenols and flavonoids. Objective: To find out the antioxidant effects of frangipani flower extract on test animals exposed to cigarette and vape smoke. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a randomized post-test control group design. The sample is healthy male Wistar rats with 5 groups samples. The One-Way ANOVA test and the Post hoc test analysed the data. Results: This study found that both cigarettes and vaping lowered SOD levels (P1 and P2). Meanwhile, the groups with frangipani flower extract were exposed to cigarettes and vaping, had a higher level of SOD. Conclusions: The administration of frangipani flower extract containing antioxidants has a positive effect on SOD levels.

Keywords: cigarette, vaping, SOD, frangipani flower, antioxidant


References


McClelland ML, Sesoko CS, Macdonald DA, Davis LM, McClelland SC. The immediate physiological effects of e-cigarette use and exposure to secondhand e-cigarette vapor. Respir Care. 2021;66(6):943–50.

Amanda Q, Widyastiti NS, Prajoko YW, Maharani N, Bahrudin U. Cigarette Smoke Exposure, but Not High Fat Diet, is Able to Induce Atherosclerosis in Wild-Type Rats. J Biomed Transl Res. 2022;8(3):130–7.

Ardiana M, Pikir BS, Santoso A, Hermawan HO, Farabi MJ Al. The effect of subchronic cigarette smoke exposure on oxidative stress parameters and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat aorta. ARYA Atheroscler. 2021;17(1):1–7.

Hossain S, Sarkar M, Bhowmick S, Hussain J, Hasan M, Uddin B, et al. Acute cigarette smoke exposure induces oxidative damage and inflammation in Wistar rats: impact on lungs and erythrocytes. African J Biol Sci (South Africa). 2021;3(1):120–8.

Zulaikhah ST. The Role of Antioxidant to Prevent Free Radicals in The Body. Sains Med J Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2017;8(1):39.

Trofor AC, Papadakis S, Lotrean LM, Radu-Loghin C, Eremia M, Mihaltan F, et al. Knowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis. 2018;16(July):1–13.

Mary K, Mamattah M, Adomako AK, Mensah CN, Borquaye LS. Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils of Plumeria alba ( Forget- Me-Not ). Biochem Res Int. 2023;2023.

Wijaya PAW, Wihandani DM, Sundari LPR. Prevention of Higher Triglycerides, Malondialdehyde, And Fatty Liver Disease Using the Ethanolic Extract of Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca) in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2022 Apr 1;10(1):287–94.

Putu AWW, Riandra NPIK. Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Antiradiasi Krim Ekstrak Ethanol Selada Laut (Ulva Lactuca). Jambura J Heal Sci Res. 2023;5(3):929–34.

Denk B, Avcı G, Aydoğan B, Fidan AF, Aslan R. Redox-changing effects of popular tobacco products in rats. Turkish J Biochem. 2022;47(3):343–9.

Wang K, Yang B, Wu C, Zheng L. The moderation of satisfaction with working conditions in the association between workload and mental health among healthcare workers collecting test samples in the post-COVID-19 era. Front Public Heal. 2023;11.

Shein M, Jeschke G. Comparison of Free Radical Levels in the Aerosol from Conventional Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019;32(6):1289–98.

Wang L, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu P, Li M. A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9).

Woalder, Mary K. Tripp, PhD M. Effect of Flavoring Chemicals on Free Radical Formation in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. Physiol Behav. 2017;176(1):139–48.

Hartono F, Pinatih GNI, Susraini AAAN. Morel berry leaf extract reduce levels of reactive oxygen species and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase of male Wistar rat exposed to cigarette smoke. Neurol Spinale Med Chir. 2021;4(1):28–31.

Stocker R. Antioxidant defenses in human blood plasma and extra-cellular fluids. Arch Biochem Biophys [Internet]. 2016;595:136–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.021

Magna A, Polisena N, Polisena L, Bagnato C, Pacella E, Carnevale R, et al. The Hidden Dangers: E-Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco, and Their Impact on Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis—A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence. Antioxidants. 2024;13(11).

Pasaribu T, Tobing RDDM, Kostaman T, Dewantoro B. Active substance compounds and antibacterial activity of extract flower and leaves of plumeria rubra and plumeria alba against Escherichia coli. AIP Conf Proc. 2020;2296(November 2020).

Chauhan A, Sharma S, Joshi M. " Ethnobotanical Insights And Bioactive Compounds Of Plumeria Alba Linn .: A Medicinal Treasure ". 2025;13(5):570–6.

Rakhmawati A. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition Analysis of Jasminum sambac L. and Plumeria alba L. Flower Extracts. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022;6(3):330–8.

Astori E, Garavaglia ML, Colombo G, Landoni L, Portinaro NM, Milzani A, et al. Antioxidants in smokers. Nutr Res Rev. 2022;35(1):70–97.

Kokkou E, Siasos G, Georgiopoulos G, Oikonomou E, Verveniotis A, Vavuranakis M, et al. The impact of dietary flavonoid supplementation on smoking-induced inflammatory process and fibrinolytic impairment. Atherosclerosis. 2016;251:266–72.

Joanna Kaluza1, 2, Susanna C Larsson1, Nicola Orsini1, Anders Linden3 AW. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of COPD: a prospective cohort study of men.

Sorli-Aguilar M, Martin-Lujan F, Flores-Mateo G, Arija-Val V, Basora-Gallisa J, Sola-Alberich R, et al. Dietary patterns are associated with lung function among Spanish smokers without respiratory disease. BMC Pulm Med [Internet]. 2016;16(1):162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0326-x

Vieira AR, Abar L, Vingeliene S, Chan DSM, Aune D, Navarro-Rosenblatt D, et al. Fruits, vegetables and lung cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2016;27(1):81–96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv381




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33992/meditory.v13i2.4826

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Austin Widyasari Wijaya Putu

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Meditory Journal Footer