Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Nano Extract
Abstract
Background: Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz, commonly known as cemcem, is a medicinal plant recognized for its numerous health benefits. All parts of the cemcem plant are valuable due to their potential medicinal properties, exhibiting various biological activities such as antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Most previous studies have utilized extracts, which come with certain limitations. To enhance the effectiveness of these compounds, this study employed a nano extract, which refers to an extraction method that produces particles on the nanometer scale. This approach aims to improve absorption, increase solubility, and reduce the required dosage. Objective: The study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds in cemcem leaf nano extract using 96% ethanol and to determine its antioxidant activity. Methods: This research is a descriptive study. The phytochemical profile, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, was determined through qualitative tests. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. Results: The phytochemical test showed that the nano extract of cemcem leaves contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the sample was expressed with an IC50 value of 200.88 ppm. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of nano extracts from cemcem leaves is higher than that of conventional extracts. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nano extract from cemcem leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdassah, M. (2017). Nanopartikel dengan Gelasi Ionik. Farmaka, 15(1), 45–52.
Ardani, N. M. P., Habibah, N., Dharmawati, I. G. A. A., Ardiningrum, N. N. T., & Bryan, S. N. (2023). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Of The Tea Combination Of Bay Leaves ( Eugenia polyantha ) and Basil Leaves ( Ocimum basilicum ). International Conference on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health Science, 1(1), 56–66.
Bekti, H. S., Dharmawati, I. G. A. A., & Habibah, N. (2022). Uji Ekstrak Daun Cemcem Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Phorphyromonas Gingivalis. JST (Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi), 11(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v11i2.49457
Bilia, A. R., Piazzini, V., Asprea, M., Risaliti, L., Vanti, G., & Bergonzi, M. C. (2018). Plants Extracts Loaded in Nanocarriers: an Emergent Formulating Approach. Natural Product Communications, 13(9), 1157–1160.
Cahyaningsih, R., Magos Brehm, J., & Maxted, N. (2021). Setting the priority medicinal plants for conservation in Indonesia. In Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (Vol. 68, Issue 5). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01115-6
Colica, C., Milanović, M., Milićb, N., Aiello, V., Lorenzo, A. De, & Abenavoli, L. (2018). A Systematic Review on Natural Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol. Natural Product Communications, 13(9), 1195–1203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300923
Cvetanović, A., Uysal, S., Pavlić, B., Sinan, K. I., Llorent-Martínez, E. J., & Zengin, G. (2020). Tamarindus indica L. Seed: Optimization of Maceration Extraction Recovery of Tannins. Food Analytical Methods, 13(3), 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01672-8
Dharmawati, I. G. A. ., Habibah, N., Swastini, I. G. A. A. ., & Bekti, H. S. (2022). Antibacterial Potential of Spondias pinnata (L.f) kurz Leaf Ethanol Extract against Streptococcus mutans Bacterial Growth. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 15(3), 1647–1651. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2502
Fatwami, E. F., & Royani, S. (2023). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research (JSSCR), 5(2), 37–40. https://doi.org/10.36805/jbf.v3i1.780
Fauzi, R. A., Widyasanti, A., Dwiratna, S., Perwitasari, N., & Nurhasanah, S. (2022). Optimasi Proses Pengeringan Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea) Menggunakan Metode Respon Permukaan. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 23(1), 9–22.
Ghosh, S., Solanki, R., Bhatia, D., & Sankaranarayanan, S. (2025). Nanomaterials for delivery of medicinal plant extracts and phytochemicals: Potential applications and future perspectives. Plant Nano Biology, 12(June 2024), 100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plana.2025.100161
Guge, S. R., Lukum, A., & Kunusa, W. R. (2024). Pembuatan Nano Kitosan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik. Jambura Journal of Chemistry, 6(1), 1–8. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjc/article/view/21843
Habibah, N., Ardani, N. M. P., Dharmawati, I. G. A. A., Ardiningrum, N. N. T., & Bryan, S. N. (2023). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of The Tea Combination of Bay Leaves ( Eugenia polyantha ) and Basil Leaves ( Ocimum basilicum ). International Conference on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health Science.
Habibah, N., Ayu Aprilia, I., & Ayu Sri Dhyanaputri, I. G. (2024). Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Dan Suruhan (Peperomia Pellucida L. Kunth) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes. Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal), 9(2), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.47219/ath.v9i2.356
Habibah, N., Bekti, H. S., Dewi, N. N. A., Dharmawati, I. G. A. A., Krisna, L. A. W., & Mahastuti, S. A. P. (2024). The Development of Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz. Leaf Extract Toothpaste: Formulation, Physical Properties Evaluation and its Antibacterial Efficacy Against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria. Jurnal Info Kesehatan, 22(4), 803–816. https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol22.iss4.1669
Habibah, N., Nugroho, H. S. W., Dhyanaputri, I. G. A. S., Dharmawati, I. G. A. A., & Suyasa, I. B. O. (2023). Phytochemical profile and bioactive compounds of beluntas leaves extract (PLUCHEA INDICA L.) and its hydrogel preparations. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 12(6), 6184–6190. https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.V12I6.5672
Habibah, N., & Ratih, G. A. M. (2023). Phytochemical Profile and Bioactive Compounds of Pineapple Infused Arak Bali. International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering, 7(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v7i1.58776
Halimu, R. B., S.Sulistijowati, R., & Mile, L. (2017). Identifikasi Kandungan Tanin pada Sonneratia alba. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 5(4), 93–97.
Harborne, J. B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods Second Edition. In London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. http://oncolink.rx.com
Hikmawanti, N. P. E., Fatmawati, S., & Asri, A. W. (2021). The effect of ethanol concentrations as the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) leaves extracts. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755(1), 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012060
Jadhav, P. S., & Jadhav, P. S. (2022). Nanoparticles for herbal extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 7(3), 2209–2220. https://doi.org/10.35629/7781-070322092220
Laksemi, D. A. A. S. (2019). Biological activity of Spondias pinnata: A review. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science, 13(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.15562/ijbs.v13i2.218
Martini, N. K. A., Ekawati, N. G. A., & Ina, P. T. (2020). Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Pengeringan Terhadap Karakteristik Teh Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Jurnal ITEPA, 9(3). https://jurnal.harianregional.com/itepa/full-67759
Martiningsih, N. W., Widana, G. A. B., & Kristiyanti, P. L. P. (2016). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan Metode DPPH. Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA Undiksha, 3(3), 332–338. Hehakaya, M. O., Edy, H. J. and Siampa, J. P. (2022) ?Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata)?, Pharmacon, 11(4), pp. 1778?1785. Available at: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/pharma
Masykuroh, A., & Abna, N. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Nanopartikel Perak (NPP) Hasil Biosintesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jeruk Kunci Citrus Microcarpa Bunge. Jurnal Biologi Makasar, 7(2), 51–64. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/bioma
Nurjannah, I., Mustariani, A. B. A., & Suryani, N. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) dan Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Sebagai Zat Aktif pada Sabun Antibakteri. SPIN: Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan Kimia, 4(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.20414/spin.v4i1.4801
Poljsak, B., Kovač, V., & Milisav, I. (2021). Antioxidants, food processing and health. Antioxidants, 10(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030433
Powthong, P., & Suntornthiticharoen, P. (2023). Comparative analysis of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Centella asiatica (l.) Urb and Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 12(4), 5929–5938. https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5082
Putri, D. M., & Lubis, S. S. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Kalayu (Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blum). Amina, 2(3), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v2i3.1384
Putu Sulistiawati Dewi, I. made M. S. (2023). The Effectiveness of Cemcem (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz) Leaf Extract in Inhibiting The Growth of Streptococcus mutans. Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG), 19(2), 158–163.
Rahmawati, R., Muflihunna, A., & Sarif, L. M. (2016). Analisis Aktivitas Antioksidan Produk Sirup Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 2(2), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v2i2.177
Ramadhani, A. (2020). Formulasi Sediaan Nanopartikel Fraksi N-Heksana dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) dalam Bentuk Snedds dan Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Antikanker Payudara. In Skripsi. Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Sa’diah, S., Alfarisi, H., Wresdiyati, T., & Juliandi, B. (2023). Nano-extract of Acalypha hispida Increased Cu,Zn-SOD Antioxidant in Pancreas of Diabetic Rat. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 10(2), 82. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v10i2.37981
Sharifi-Rad, M., Anil Kumar, N. V., Zucca, P., Varoni, E. M., Dini, L., Panzarini, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Prakash Mishra, A., Nigam, M., El Rayess, Y., Beyrouthy, M. El, Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A. O., … Sharifi-Rad, J. (2020). Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(July), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
Sridevi, P., Budde, S., Raju, B. M., & Adapa, D. (2018). Anti-Oxidants and their Role in Disease Management. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 7(3), 175–190.
Srivastava, R. (2025). Nanoencapsulation of Herbal Extracts for Enhanced Bioavailability. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Drug Technology, 02(07), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.64063/3049-1630.vol.2.issue7.8
Sujarwo, W., Saraswaty, V., Keim, A. P., Caneva, G., & Tofani, D. (2017). Ethnobotanical uses of ‘ cemcem ’ ( Spondias pinnata ( L . F .) kurz ; anacardiaceae ) leaves in bali ( Indonesia ) and its antioxidant activity. PhamacologyOnline, 1(1), 113–123.
Sutana, I. G. (2020). Manfaat Loloh Don Cemcem Dalam Sistem Kesehatan Tradisional. Jurnal Yoga Dan Kesehatan, 3(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v3i2.1737
Syamsudin, S., Alimuddin, A. H., & Sitorus, B. (2022). ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI DAUN PUTAT (Planchonia valida Blume). Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 5(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v5i2.56554
Tatiana, W. S., & Ria, S. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH dan Uji Sitotoksik Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D pada Ekstrak Daun Kemangi. Jurnal Farmasetis, 9(1), 51–64.
Trisnawati, N. R., W, P. A. S., & Sugitha, I. M. (2016). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Cemcem (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 secara In Vitro. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Pangan, 5(2), 119–129. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/itepa/article/view/27508
Wandira, A., Cindiansya, Rosmayati, J., Anandari, R. F., Naurah, S. A., & Fikayuniar, L. (2023). Menganalisis Pengujian Kadar Air Dari Berbagai Simplisia Bahan Alam Menggunakan Metode Gravimetri. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(17), 190–193.
Widayanti, E., Mar’ah Qonita, J., Ikayanti, R., & Sabila, N. (2023). Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan terhadap Kadar Flavonoid Total pada Daun Jinten (Coleus amboinicus Lour). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 3(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19787
Windy, Y. M., Dilla, K. N., Claudia, J., Noval, N., & Hakim, A. R. (2022). Karakterisasi dan Formulasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Tanaman Bundung (Actinoscirpus grossus) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Basis Kitosan dan Na-TPP Menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik. Jurnal Surya Medika, 8(3), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v8i3.4495
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33992/icmahs.v3i1.4615
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
POLTEKKES KEMENKES DENPASAR
Address: Jl. Sanitasi No.1, Sidakarya, Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80224 (0361) 710447
