International Conference on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health Science
Strengthening Interactive Dental Health Education for Early Childhood in the Era of Globalization
Background: Dental health education is a crucial preventive measure in shaping healthy lifestyle behaviours from an early age. The success of education depends not only on the content of the material, but also on the effectiveness of the media and methods used to convey the message in an interactive and easily understandable way to children. This study aims to determine the changes in the index before and after education on how to brush teeth at Global Mandiri Kindergarten. Methods: This was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving a total sample of 57 kindergarten B students. The intervention consisted of education on the purpose of brushing teeth, choosing the right toothbrush, brushing techniques (roll technique), brushing duration, and the use of fluoride toothpaste. The debris index was examined before and after the Interactive education with program Playstore GigiKuHartaKu. Results: Examination before the education showed a moderate to poor debris index category. After the intervention, there was a change in the debris index category to good and moderate. There was a significant decrease in the debris index from 2.11 to 0.711, with a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The intervention, in the form of interactive and structured dental education, significantly improved dental hygiene in young children. These findings reinforce the importance of promotional education in the school environment as the foundation for long-term healthy living behaviours. Keywords: Debris Index, dental health education, young children, interactive methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Health Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Animated Educational Videos In Reducing Pain During IV Catheter Insertion In Pre-School Children
One of the most feared and painful invasive procedures for children is the insertion of an IV. The pain caused by the IV catheter insertion can be traumatizing, leading to anxiety about various hospital procedures. Understanding the procedures involved can be a strategy for managing anxiety and pain. The aim of the study is to identify the effectiveness animated educational video about IV catheter insertion on children's pain compare with the others intervention. This quantitative research used quasy-experimental design approach to compare three interventions between Animated Educational Video, Cartoon Video and Control Group. The respondents of study were selected by consecutive sampling which it starts on April until June 2022. It was conducted at emergency unit from three local hospitals area in Bali Province. Total respondents were about 90 children divided into three groups. Data was collected using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale as the instrument. This study found that there was a significant difference between three intervention groups (α=0,001 p<0,05) and the animated education video group showed lowest mean pain score (1.87) compared to other group interventions. Pediatric nurse at emergency unit has special role to facilitate this animated educational video as the strategy for pain control and educate the children.
The Role of Emotional Support in Improving Mental Well-being in Community Patients: A Nursing Psychology Perspective
Abstract: Mental well-being is one of the important indicators of public health. Emotional support has been proven to play a role in helping community patients cope with psychological stress, especially in the context of nursing services. However, research highlighting the relationship between emotional support and mental well-being at the community level is still limited. This study aims to analyze the role of emotional support in improving mental well-being in community patients from the perspective of nursing psychology. Method: This study a cross-sectional design conducted in the Mulyorejo subdistrict during the period of May-July 2025. The sample consisted of 60 people selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a validated questionnaire on emotional support and mental well-being. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The study showed a strong positive relationship between emotional support and mental well-being in community patients (r=0.652; p < 0.001).This indicates that the higher the emotional support received by patients, the better their mental well-being. Discussion: These findings support nursing psychology theory, which emphasizes the importance of empathetic interaction and therapeutic communication in improving patients mental health. The results of this study are in line with Watson’s concept of caring, which places emotional connection at the heart of nursing practice. In addition, this study shows the urgency of increasing the capacity of nursing staff to provide systematic emotional support, given its significant impact on the mental well-being of community patients. These findings can serve as a basis for developing nursing psychology-based intervention programs in community health services.
BIOMASSAGE TECHNIQUE WITH BIOSTEAK OIL IS EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSION IN THE TOURIST COMMUNITY OF BALI PROVINCE IN 202
ABSTRACT: The main health problem in the tourism community is hypertension because the lifestyle of the tourism community is high cholesterol food and high activity which causes fatigue. This causes atherosclerosis and damaged blood vessels. Conventionally, hypertension is treated with antihypertensive drugs which are only for control purposes, so the medication must be taken continuously. Therefore, another complementary method is needed: biomassage using biosteak oil, which has been phytochemically tested in vivo and has been found to have strong anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, thus preventing heart disease, kidney failure, and stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether biomass using a biosteak oil device is effective in lowering blood pressure in tourism communities experiencing hypertension. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The variables studied in this study were blood pressure in hypertensive patients as the dependent variable and biomass using biosteak oil and biosteak cupping oil as the independent variables. A sample of 120 people using purposeful sampling technique was divided into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. Data analysis techniques included univariate analysis, normality test, Wilcoxon test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Based on the analysis of the results with a Sig. value (2-tailed: 0.00 or < 0.05 with a rank difference in systole of 23 mmHg, meaning there was a significant difference before and after treatment in all groups. It was concluded that there was a significant difference before and after the Bio Massage procedure with bio steak oil in the tourism community who experienced hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Tourism, biomassage, Oil Biosteak.
DIFFERENCES IN GINGIVITIS STUDENTS IN STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3 GIANYAR AND KESUMA SARI JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DENPASAR IN 2025
Dental and oral diseases are one of the common diseases that develop in communities around the world. Although there are many types of dental and oral diseases, cavities or caries and periodontal disease are the main dental and oral problems in many countries. The purpose of analyzing and comparing the severity of gingivitis in SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar (State) and SMP Kesuma Sari Denpasar (private), in order to determine whether there is a significant difference in the severity of gingival inflammation. Method This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study population was students at SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar and SMP Kesuma Sari Denpasar. Sampling using purposive sampling technique Research results The level of gingivitis in SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar with a healthy level of 6 (17%), Mild inflammation 20 (55%), Moderate inflammation 9 (25%), Severe inflammation 1 (3%), while in SMP Kesuma Sari Denpasar healthy 3 (10), Mild inflammation 5 (16%), Moderate inflammation 15 (48%), Severe inflammation 8 (26%). The results of the Chi-Square test found a significant relationship between school type and Gingival Index Criteria (Sig. ≤ 0.05). This shows that the severity of gingivitis in students of Public and Private Middle Schools is significantly different. The conclusion is that students of SMP Kesuma Sari Private tend to have higher levels of gingivitis than students of SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar. Keywords: Students; Public and Private Schools; Oral Health.
The Effect of Egg White and Dragon Fruit Purée Addition on the Characteristics of Milk Pudding as a Snack for Cancer Patients at RSUD Bali Mandara
Nutritional disorders in cancer patients are caused by the cancer itself, the effects of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and psychological factors, thus the form of food provided must be adjusted to the patient’s condition. Milk pudding is a dessert made from fresh milk and gelling agents, characterized by its soft texture and distinctive taste. Egg white is rich in protein and low in fat, while dragon fruit is known for its high antioxidant content. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding egg white and dragon fruit puree on the characteristics of milk pudding as a supplementary food for cancer patients. This research is an experimental study with a randomized block design, involving 5 types of treatments with 3 replications each. Treatments included P1 (10%), P2 (15%), P3 (20%), P4 (25%) and P5 (30%) Based on subjective quality tests, significant differences were found in the addition levels regarding color, aroma, taste, and texture, as well as hedonic quality aspects including color, aroma, taste, and texture. However, there were no significant differences observed in protein content and antioxidant capacity. The protein content ranged from 1.96% to 2.62%, while antioxidant capacity ranged from 23,714.24 ppm to 43,827.10 ppm. Treatment 4 was identified as the best treatment, with a protein content of 2.47 grams, meaning that one serving of milk pudding fulfills 3.8% of the daily protein requirement for adult men and 4,12% for adult women aged 30–49 years according to the Recommended Dietary Allowances.
A Phenomenological Study of Midwives' and Nurses' Perceptions in the Implementation of Clinical Pathways on Maternal and Infant Mortality Risks
Maternal and infant mortality remain key indicators for assessing of healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. One way to reduce these risks is by implementing clinical pathways as evidence-based standard care guidelines. However, their implementation in practice is often not effective. This study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of midwives and nurses regarding the implementation of clinical pathways in reducing the risk of maternal and newborn deaths. The research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological study method. Participants were selected purposively, including midwives, nurses, specialist doctors, ward heads, and quality managers at healthcare facilities that have implemented clinical pathways. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The study identified three main themes: variable adherence to procedures, weak inter-professional coordination dan lack of monitoring systems from management affecting patient outcomes. It was found that there are gaps between the ideal practices expected in clinical pathways and the realities on the ground, which could increase the risk of failing to manage maternal and newborn cases. The study emphasizes the importance of training, strong monitoring systems, and strengthening a collaborative work culture as strategies to improve the effectiveness of clinical pathways. These findings contribute to the development of policies and improvements in maternal-neonatal healthcare services in Indonesia.
The Potential of Organic Materials in the Making of Eco-Enzyme as an Inhibitory Power Against Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause infection and shows resistance to antibiotics. Eco-enzyme is the result of organic waste fermentation that has the potential as a natural antibacterial agent. This study aims to determine the relationship of variations of organic materials in the making of eco-enzyme with the inhibitory power of Staphylococcus aureus. This type of research is true experimental. Three variations of eco-enzyme used are fruit waste (orange peel and pineapple), vegetable waste (mustard greens and cabbage), as well as a mixture of fruit and vegetables, which were fermented for 90 days. The inhibitory test was carried out using the well diffusion method on Nutrient Agar media with pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that eco-enzyme from fruit waste produced the largest inhibition zone diameter (6.45 mm), followed by vegetable waste (3.88 mm), and mixture (3.21 mm). One-Way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among the variations, and further LSD test showed that there were significant differences between fruit waste eco-enzyme with vegetable waste eco-enzyme and mixture eco-enzyme. It was concluded that the type of organic material affects the antibacterial ability of eco-enzyme, in which fruit waste eco-enzyme is the most effective variation. It is recommended to conduct analysis of bioactive compounds, expand tests on other types of bacteria, monitor pH during the fermentation process, as well as develop eco-enzyme-based products such as soap or natural antiseptics. Keywords: eco-enzyme, organic material, Staphylococcus aureus, inhibition zone, fermentation.
EFFECT OF COLD COMPRESS ADMINISTRATION ON NAUSEA INDEX IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Breast cancer is a type of malignant tumor that originates from breast cells, as a result of uncontrolled cell growth, so that it forms abnormal tissue and spreads to surrounding tissues or other organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cold compresses on the nausea index in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. This study uses a quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest control group design with purposive sampling techniques, data collection using questionnaires with interview techniques. The 52 samples were divided into 26 intervention groups and 26 control groups that were given cold compresses 2 hours after chemotherapy, using an ice bag with a temperature of 10-16°C given 1x for one day of treatment for 15 minutes. The results showed that the majority of respondents aged 51-60 years (42.3%) had a high school education (32.7%), worked as a housewife (53.8%), suffered from breast cancer for 1 year (28.8%) and underwent the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy (19.2%). The rate of nausea after giving cold compresses in the intervention group was in the mild pain category (73.1%). The level of nausea after being given cold compresses in the control group was in the category of moderate nausea (57.7%). The results of the Mann Whitney Test in the treatment group showed that p value = 0.000 could be concluded to have an effect, while the control group showed p value = 0.083 it could be concluded that there was no significant effect of cold compresses on nausea.
The Role of Psychosocial Interventions in Managing Anxiety in Children and Adults with Cancer: A Literature Review
Cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with significant psychological distress, particularly anxiety, affecting both pediatric and adult populations. Psychosocial interventions have emerged as crucial components of comprehensive cancer care. To systematically literature review the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in managing anxiety among children and adults with cancer, examining intervention types, outcomes, and implementation strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, JSTOR and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2020-2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies evaluating psychosocial interventions for cancer-related anxiety in pediatric and adult populations. The review identified significant evidence supporting various psychosocial interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, support groups, creative therapies and technology-enhanced. Effect sizes ranged from small to large, with particular effectiveness observed in structured, multi-session interventions. Psychosocial interventions demonstrate significant potential in reducing cancer-related anxiety across age groups, with tailored approaches showing enhanced effectiveness. Implementation requires consideration of developmental factors, cancer stage, and individual patient characteristics.
Strengthening Patient Safety through RE-PRO Clinical Supervision
Abstract: Patient safety is central to healthcare quality, yet compliance with Patient Safety Goals (PSGs) remains challenging in hospitals. Clinical supervision is crucial to reinforce adherence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Reflective-Proctor (RE-PRO) clinical supervision model in improving PSG compliance among nurses. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was conducted in two type-C hospitals in Bali, Indonesia. Participants included 266 nurses and 6 supervisors, divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received RE-PRO supervision, while the control group continued conventional supervision. Compliance with six PSG indicators (patient identification, effective communication, safe medication, correct procedure/site, infection prevention, fall risk reduction) was assessed using validated observation checklists. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Baseline characteristics between groups were comparable (p > 0.05). The control group showed no significant improvements in PSG compliance (p > 0.05). In contrast, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement across all six indicators after RE-PRO implementation (p = 0.001). Overall PSG compliance in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group post-intervention (p = 0.001). The RE-PRO clinical supervision model effectively enhanced nurses’ compliance with Patient Safety Goals compared with conventional supervision. This model is recommended for wider adoption in hospital nursing management to strengthen patient safety outcomes. Keywords: Clinical supervision, RE-PRO, Patient Safety Goals, nursing management.
THE EFFECT OF CULTURALLY BASED DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY ON ADOLESCENTS’ EMOTIONAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
Adolescent emotional and mental health problems are a pressing issue that significantly influences various aspects of life. These difficulties not only affect current psychological well-being but also pose long-term consequences for academic performance, social functioning, physical health, and overall quality of life in the future. Early prevention and effective management are therefore crucial, particularly when employing youth-friendly approaches that are culturally relevant. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an art-based intervention, namely dance movement therapy, in improving adolescents’ emotional and mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety, depression, and stress. A quasi-experimental design with a pre–post test non-equivalent control group approach was applied. The total sample consisted of 110 adolescents, divided equally into intervention and control groups (55 participants each), selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). The intervention was conducted once per week over eight weeks, with each session consisting of two dance phases of 25 minutes each, interspersed with a 10-minute rest. The findings revealed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). These results demonstrate that culturally grounded dance movement therapy is effective in promoting emotional and mental health among adolescents. The study provides valuable evidence for developing culturally sensitive policies and practices to address adolescent mental health issues.
Healthcare Professionals' Experiences in Utilizing The Satu Sehat Mobile App for Hypertension Management in Indonesia
Hypertension remains the most prevalent non-communicable disease in the community. Uncontrolled blood pressure can lead to severe complications, which are potentially life-threatening and may impose a considerable burden on families. This study aims to examine healthcare professionals’ experiences in utilizing the Satu Sehat Mobile Application as part of hypertension management in Indonesia. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological perspective was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and systematically analyzed using transcription, thematic coding, and further processing with NVivo 12 software.The study involved healthcare professionals responsible for non-communicable disease (NCD) programs at public health centers (Puskesmas) in Indonesia. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria comprising willingness to participate, effective communication skills in Indonesian, and a minimum of five years’ experience in managing hypertension cases. Twelve healthcare professionals were interviewed, with data saturation achieved after the tenth interview. Analysis revealed three overarching themes: (1) the application is perceived as highly beneficial, (2) it supports blood pressure monitoring, and (3) challenges remain in its implementation. While many participants found the application helpful in supporting their duties, several obstacles were noted, particularly within the community context. These challenges underscore the need for further development to optimize the application in meeting user needs. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of how healthcare professionals in Indonesia engage with the Satu Sehat Mobile Application in the management of hypertension.
Impact of Delayed Analysis on Hemoglobin Levels in EDTA Blood: Implications for Cancer Management
Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, with anemia being one of the most common complications affecting patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Hemoglobin (Hb) plays a critical role as a biomarker for transfusion decisions, therapeutic monitoring, and survival prediction. Accurate Hb measurement, however, is highly dependent on the preanalytical phase, particularly the time between blood collection and analysis. Although several studies have explored hematological stability during long-term storage, evidence regarding the short-term impact of delayed analysis on Hb measurement remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate differences in Hb levels of EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples subjected to immediate analysis, 2-hour delay, and 6-hour delay. Thirty-five venous blood samples were analyzed using the cyanmethemoglobin method with spectrophotometric reading at 546 nm. Descriptive statistics showed a progressive decline in Hb values with increasing delay: mean Hb was 14.3 g/dL (0 h), 13.3 g/dL (2 h), and 12.4 g/dL (6 h). Data distribution met normality and homogeneity assumptions. One-Way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference among groups (F = 11.139, p < 0.001). At the same time, Post Hoc LSD tests confirmed significant pairwise differences between immediate and delayed measurements, as well as between 2-hour and 6-hour delays (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that even short-term delays significantly reduce measured Hb concentration, with potential clinical implications for oncology practice where Hb values inform transfusion thresholds and prognosis. Laboratories should ensure that hemoglobin is measured within two hours of blood collection to minimize preanalytical errors and optimize cancer patient management.
Strengthening Food Safety Through Health Education: Pamphlet-Based Intervention to Improve Hygiene Sanitation Practices Among Street Food Handlers in Car Free Day Bajra Sandhi Denpasar
Abstract: Food safety is a critical determinant of public health, with unsafe food contributing to foodborne diseases and long-term health risks, including an increased burden of non-communicable diseases and cancer. Street food, while culturally and economically significant, is particularly vulnerable to contamination due to poor hygiene and sanitation practices among food handlers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of pamphlet-based health education in improving knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene sanitation practices among street food vendors at Car Free Day Bajra Sandhi Denpasar, Indonesia. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted involving 64 purposively selected vendors from a total of 328. Data were collected using questionnaires and direct observation, and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and N-Gain score. Results showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) across all variables. The N-Gain score indicated moderate effectiveness for knowledge (40.47%) and practice (36.94%), and low effectiveness for attitude (17.97%), reflecting that most respondents already held positive attitudes before the intervention. This study demonstrates that pamphlet-based education is a simple, low-cost, and scalable tool to strengthen food safety through improved hygiene practices. By reducing the risks of foodborne illness, such interventions indirectly contribute to lowering exposure to carcinogenic contaminants, aligning with the global health agenda of cancer prevention. Furthermore, sustainable impact requires cross-disciplinary collaboration involving health professionals, local authorities, and community organizations to integrate food safety education into broader cancer prevention and public health strategies. Keywords: food, sanitation hygiene, food handlers, pamphlets, education, cancer prevention
Management of the SOP Flow for Homecare Treatment of Malignant Wounds: An Exploratory Study of the Community of Homecare Wound Nurses in the Denpasar Area
ABSTRACT Background: Malignant wound is a chronic wound that occurs due to cancer invasion into the skin tissue, often accompanied by a pungent odor, heavy exudate, bleeding, and severe pain. Homecare wound management practices face limitations concerning the operational location in the field, as well as varying skill competencies among nurses. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that should be systematically and specifically compiled are sometimes not well evaluated. Homecare in the wound care community is described as one solution for providing continuous care for patients at home, especially those who are in advanced stages or have physical mobility limitations. Various risks may occur during wound care at the patient's home, necessitating a study of the homecare SOP principles being implemented, to provide service benefits that strive for improved comfort, as well as ensuring good emotional support. Therefore, the SOP implementation in homecare services is crucial to examine the systematic approach in providing services. This research method is qualitative research, through in-depth interviews aimed specifically at identifying and exploring how the SOP for homecare services is applied, particularly for patients with malignant wounds. The instrument for qualitative research or research tool is the researcher themselves. The participants invited and participating in the FGD process are implementing nurses with varying ages, education levels, and work experience. The results of data analysis from the interview themes showed 3 themes in the study, namely: optimization of preparation for wound care planning in patients with malignant wounds, implementation standards for malignant wound care services, and a homecare wound care protocol model for malignant wounds. The discussion of the 3 themes in the research results is expected to serve as an evaluation for the development of homecare wound care services for cancer wound patients.
OCCUPATIONAL NOISE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM CANCER RISK: A STUDY AMONG WELDING WORKERS IN GIANYAR 2025
Occupational noise exposure is a major health risk that not only causes hearing problems but may also trigger long-term systemic effects. This study was conducted on 35 welding workshop workers in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Gianyar I in 2025 to examine the association between noise intensity and subjective hearing complaints. The results showed an average noise level of 83.7 dBA (range 60.7–101.0 dBA), approaching the permissible exposure limit of 85 dBA, with most complaints classified as moderate (77.2%). Fisher Exact Test analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between noise intensity and hearing complaints (p = 0.012; CC = 0.434). Biologically, chronic noise exposure can increase oxidative stress, inflammation, sleep disturbance, and immune suppression. These mechanisms may create conditions that promote carcinogenesis, including in nervous tissue. Several studies have suggested an association between long-term noise exposure and nervous system tumors, such as acoustic neuroma. So, occupational noise should be regarded not only as a risk factor for hearing impairment but also as a potential contributor to nervous system cancer when exposure persists without proper control. These findings highlight the importance of workplace noise management and hearing protection as part of preventive occupational health strategies and as a means to reduce long-term cancer risks. Keywords : Noise, Welding workshop, Nervous system cancer
Midwives as Catalysts for Change: A Literature Review on Reproductive Health Education and Promotion to Prevent Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where screening coverage and awareness levels are still limited. Midwives, as primary providers of reproductive health services, play an important role in prevention strategies through education, counseling, and health promotion. This review examines how midwives contribute to reproductive health education and promotion for the prevention of cervical cancer. The method used in this search is based on PICO criteria and the scope of literature is identified using PRISMA-ScR. Relevant studies were identified from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria comprised articles published between 2015–2025, written in English, open access, and relevant to the topic. A total of 10 articles were selected. The findings of this review indicate that midwives significantly improve reproductive health literacy and empower women to engage in preventive behaviors. This review identifies midwives as key actors who bridge clinical services with education and community engagement, framing them as agents of change in global cervical cancer prevention efforts. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen midwives' capacity to optimize their contribution, presenting an approach that goes beyond the traditional clinical perspective and places midwives on the global health agenda.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AROMATHERAPY CANDLE WITH CITRONELLA ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Mosquitoes act as vectors of disease. Efforts that can be made and are environmentally friendly are by making aromatherapy candles with plants that have mosquito repellent power such as citronella plants (Cymbopogon nardus) which contain essential oils. So far, many people have relied on synthetic insecticides in the form of mosquito coils, sprays, and electricity. Exposure to synthetic insecticides has a serious impact on health, ranging from mild irritation, nervous disorders, endocrine system, to an increased risk of cancer. The mechanisms of pesticide carcinogenicity include DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, and changes in cell cycle regulation, which can trigger lung, liver, stomach, intestinal cancer, leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, brain cancer, and thyroid cancer. The high use of pesticides in Indonesia, both in the agricultural and household sectors, increases the risk of public health because the accumulation of exposure occurs every day The type of study was Post Test Only Control Group Design. The study involved one group of control group and experimental treatment group with the addition of citronella essential oil in candles with a concentration of 5%, 15%, and 25%. The percentage of death of the control group was 6%, 5% concentration was 17%, 15% concentration was 28%, and 25% concentration was 48%. The calculation of the percentage of effectiveness of aromatherapy candles with citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) is the highest reaching 44% at a concentration of 25% essential oil. The number of mosquitoes that died in the control group was 6, 5% was 17, 15% was 28, and 25% was 48 in all replications. And can develop variations in the type of active ingredients and concentrations used as natural insecticides, and can test their effectiveness on different types of mosquitoes. Keywords: mosquito, aromatherapy candle, cancer, concentration, citronella
Effectiveness Of Garlic Extract Aromatherapy Candles As Housefly Repellents In Preventing Disease And Cancer Risk
Abstract: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are mechanical vectors that play a role in the transmission of various environment-based diseases, including diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. Until now, fly control has relied heavily on chemical insecticides, which, although effective, have the potential to cause environmental pollution and long-term health effects, such as chronic toxicity and the risk of cancer due to exposure to pesticide residues. As a safer alternative, natural plant-based repellents can be developed to suppress fly populations. Garlic (Allium sativum) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as allicin, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins that are toxic to insects but safe for humans and the environment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of garlic extract aromatherapy candles in repelling houseflies at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% using a Post Test Only Control Group Design with six replications. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests. The results showed a significant difference between the control and treatment groups (p=0.001). The 15% concentration provided the highest protection rate of 60% compared to the 10% (35.56%) and 5% (20%) concentrations. Thus, garlic extract aromatherapy candles have the potential to be an effective, environmentally friendly natural repellent that supports vector-borne disease prevention efforts while reducing health risks from synthetic chemical insecticides. Keywords: aromatherapy candles, garlic, chemical pesticides, natural repellents, cancer prevention
Ni Putu Maharani Wulandari Pradnyaningrum
Melukat as a Balinese Spiritual Cleansing Ritual: Its Potential Role in Complementary Care for Cancer Patients - A Literature Review
Abstract: Melukat, a Balinese spiritual cleansing ritual, is traditionally practiced for purification, psychological balance, and spiritual renewal. Recently, it has been recognized for its potential role in wellness and complementary therapies. For cancer patients, who often experience psychological distress and spiritual challenges, Melukat may serve as a culturally grounded supportive practice. This review explores the potential of Melukat as a complementary approach in cancer care by synthesizing evidence on its psychological, spiritual, and socio-cultural impacts. Eleven peer-reviewed articles published between 2022 and 2025 were analyzed. The studies consistently show that Melukat reduces anxiety and emotional distress, promotes mindfulness and catharsis, and strengthens spiritual balance. Mental health professionals acknowledge its value as a supportive, not substitutive practice. Its appeal across cultural and religious groups and its integration into wellness tourism, further emphasize its adaptability and inclusivity. Melukat demonstrates promise as a complementary practice in cancer care by addressing psychological burdens, enhancing spiritual resilience, and improving well-being. Although further oncology-specific research is needed, current evidence supports its relevance for holistic, culturally sensitive cancer care. Keywords: Melukat, complementary care, cancer
Perineal Wound Healing: A Study of Related Factors
Perineal rupture is one of the most common complications of childbirth experienced by women who give birth vaginally. Generally, perineal wounds can heal in less than a week, but some mothers experience a delay in healing of more than 7 days. Postpartum maternal morbidity increases due to birth injuries, with the perineal rupture rate during normal delivery reaching 88.9%. The WHO recorded 2.7 million cases of perineal rupture, which is expected to increase to 6.3 million by 2050, with 50% of cases occurring in Asia. In Indonesia, perineal ruptures lead to complications such as infection (5%), bleeding (7%), and postpartum maternal death (8%), with 86 deaths due to infection in 2023. This condition poses a risk of infection, discomfort, and interferes with the mother's quality of life. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the duration of perineal wound healing. The study design used observational analytic used primary data on 60 respondents who gave birth with perineal rupture. The variables studied included age, parity, and personal hygiene with the duration of perineal wound healing. The results showed no significant relationship between age (p=0,432>0,05) and parity (p=0,807>0,05) with the duration of perineal wound healing. In contrast, there was a significant relationship between personal hygiene and the duration of perineal wound healing (p=0,029<0.05). In conclusion, personal hygiene is an important factor that influences the speed of perineal wound healing, so education about postpartum self-care needs to be a focus in midwifery services.
DESCRIPTION OF DENTAL AND ORAL HYGIENE OF YOUTH SMOKERS AT BANJAR SARI UBUNG 2025
Oral and dental health is a crucial component of overall well-being, with proper oral hygiene playing a significant role in preventing the accumulation of plaque and calculus. The Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) is commonly used to assess oral hygiene status in population studies. This study aimed to describe the oral and dental hygiene of adolescent smokers in Banjar Sari, Ubung, North Denpasar, in 2025. A descriptive study was conducted on 35 adolescent smokers selected through purposive sampling. Oral examinations using OHI-S were performed to determine hygiene status, and questionnaires were distributed to record smoking habits, including duration and daily consumption. Results indicated that 16 adolescents (46%) achieved good OHI-S scores, while 19 adolescents (54%) showed moderate scores, and none had poor scores. The highest mean OHI-S score was 1.88, categorized as mild, found in adolescents who had smoked for 6–10 years. In terms of cigarette consumption, 20 adolescents (57%) were light smokers, 14 (40%) were moderate, and 1 (3%) was a heavy smoker. These findings demonstrate that most adolescent smokers maintain moderate levels of oral hygiene, with longer smoking duration and higher consumption tending to correlate with higher OHI-S scores. In conclusion, adolescent smokers in Banjar Sari predominantly exhibit moderate oral hygiene, highlighting the importance of preventive programs and education to reduce the oral health risks associated with smoking.
The effect of the application of ballon blowing therapy on oxygen saturation in children with asthma in the inpatient room of Denpasar Hospital X
Abstract: Oxygen saturation can be an indicator to detect the severity of asthma attacks, so it is necessary to measure oxygen saturation to detect the severity of the disease, because it can be a sign in which the body has difficulty flowing oxygen to all cells, tissues, and organs. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of Ballon Blowing therapy on oxygen saturation in children with asthma in the inpatient room of Hospital X Denpasar. This study uses the pre-experimental design involving 22 selected respondents using the total sampling technique. Respondents will be assessed their oxygen saturation before and after giving ballon blowing therapy using oxygen saturation and standard operating ballon blowing therapy procedures. The data analysis technique used is the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was a significant effect on respondents given interventions with a value of P-value 0,000 (p <0.05) which means there was an influence on the application of ballon blowing therapy on oxygen saturation in children with asthma in the inpatient room of RS X Denpasar. The existence of significant differences before and after giving ballon blowing therapy to oxygen saturation in children with asthma shows that this breathing exercise can be done regularly at home to help reduce the frequency of the recurrence of asthma patients according to the health education that has beengiven.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FASTING GLUCOSE AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS A PREDICTOR FOR DIABETIC STATE
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurement is commonly used to monitor DM, requiring patients to fast for a minimum of eight hours. Insufficient insulin production impairs glucose uptake into body tissues, leading to hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia subsequently stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines, which promotes the hepatic synthesis of c-reactive protein (CRP). This study aims to determine the relation between FBG levels and CRP levels in patients with diabetes mellitus at Rumah Sakit Daerah Mangusada. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using purposive sampling, with a total sample of 25 DM patients at Rumah Sakit Daerah Mangusada. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and the Spearman's rank for correlation test. The analysis that has been carried out on the Shapiro-Wilk, obtained a sig. (2 tailed) 0.012 which means 0.012 < 0.05 and correlation coefficient is 0.493. Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus patient induces pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate hepatic CRP synthesis. Elevated CRP reflects systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue injury, which accelerate metabolic damage and vascular complications such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, establishing CRP as a reliable predictor of diabetes-related complications. It can be concluded that has a positive relation with a moderate correlation between blood glucose levels and CRP levels in diabetic patients at Rumah Sakit Daerah Mangusada
The Relationship between Consumption of Sweetened Beverages and Physical Activity with Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type II Diabetes Melitus
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease with metabolic syndrome characterized by increased blood sugar levels in the body. Normal blood sugar levels are around 200 mg/ dL . The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between consumption of sweetened beverages and physical activity with blood sugar levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at Surya Husadha Hospital, Denpasar. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted in November 2024. The number of samples in this study were 50 people. The sweetened beverages consumption data were collected using the SQ-FFQ form, physical activity data was collected using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) form, blood sugar level data was obtained from medical records after examination. The results showed that 56% had a consumption of sweetened beverages in the poor category, 38% had low physical activity, and 64% had uncontrolled blood sugar levels (>200 mg/ dL ). The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between consumption of sweetened beverages and blood sugar levels (p<0.05). Keywords: Sweetened Beverages Consumptions, Physical Activity, Blood Sugar Levels
NEONATAL DEVELOPMENTAL CARE MODEL FOR HEALTH WORKERS AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS ON PREMATURE INFANT DEVELOPMENT IN HOSPITALS
Background: The development of premature babies often faces special challenges that require intensive attention from health workers. The neonatal developmental care model is designed to support health workers in providing appropriate interventions to accelerate the optimal development of premature babies in hospitals. Objective: to determine the knowledge and attitudes of health workers about the neonatal developmental care model for health workers towards the development of premature babies in the NICU Room in hospitals before and after training. Method: The research method used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-test and post-test with a population of all nurses and midwives on duty in the NICU Room of Undata Hospital and Anutapura Hospital, Palu, totaling 50 people. This study was conducted from January to September 2024 in the NICU Room of Undata Hospital and Anutapura Hospital, Palu, Central Sulawesi. Knowledge and attitude data were measured using a questionnaire (pre-test and post-test). Results: The results of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained an increase in the score on the knowledge variable before and after training with an average (Mean Rank) of 19.50, on the attitude variable there was an increase in the score before and after training with an average increase (Mean Rank) of 20 with a significance value of p-value on both attitude and knowledge variables of 0.000 <0.05. Conclusion: there is an effect of premature infant development care training on the level of knowledge and attitudes of nurses before and after training. Suggestion: the neonatal development care model is effective in improving the development of premature infants in hospitals. Implementation of this model by health workers can be an important strategy in efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality of premature infants and improve their quality of life in the long term
Quality Study Physical Well Water in the Suwung Landfill Area , South Denpasar
Well dig as one of the alternative means abundant and public water supply used by the community . The existence of well dig in the Suwung Landfill Area , until moment This utilized as water sources for bathing, washing , and other needs business livestock farming . Poor sanitation , business industry and nearby locations disposal rubbish can result in decline well water quality dig . Research objectives is For know quality well water physical digging in the Suwung Landfill Area reviewed from variables temperature , color , odor , turbidity and TDS. Research descriptive with do inspection quality water physics in 11 wells dig . Inspection results from variables temperature all over well dig fulfil requirements , 9.1% conditions odorless , 27.3% colored , 54.4% turbidity excessive and 36.4 % TDS excessive , in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Inspection results health environment , as much as 54.6% of wells dig including category risk contamination high and very high . Condition and construction well dig varies and exists a number of well dig in the landfill area Suwung quality physique the water No fulfil requirements . To public recommended For do repair construction with make closing wells and regularly maintain them cleanliness surrounding environment well dig .
Implementation of Ginalatrik as An Integrated of Nutritional Education, Tuina Massage and Psychomotoric Exercise for Decreasing of Stunting Prevalence in Klungkung Regency
Stunting is the nutrition problem in Indonesia for this decade. Therefore, it is necessary to make an efforts to accelerate for reducing of stunting rates with an integrated approach. This study aims to compare the stunting reduction by the conventional program compared to the Ginalatrik integrated model. The type of research was true experimental with a randomized pre test-post test control group design. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e the Ginalatrik model implementation with the form of nutritional education, Tuina massage stimulation 3-5 times/week and psychomotor exercises. Instruments research used questionnaire and anthropometric measurement tools. Meanwhile, the control group was conventional program by the government for treating stunting toddlers. To determine the difference in the effects using independent samples t-test and a Mann Whitney analysis. The results showed that the levels of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate consumption in the two groups showed significant differences using the Mann-Whitney analysis with p=0.010 (p<0,05). Nutritional status with indicators of height/age showed no significant difference with p=0.482 (p>0.05), but the mean rank in the integrated Ginalatrik model was greater i e ; 42.33 than 38.67 in conventional program. Integrated Ginalatrik implementation have tended to an increase of nutritional status in the normal category. Psychomotor development showed a significant difference by Mann-Whitney analysis with p=0.001 (p<0,05). Based on the results, the integrated Ginalatrik was better in accelerating stunting reduction compared to the conventional program in toddlers.
Description Of Factors Supporting Exclusive Breastfeeding At Danurejan I Public Health Center, Yogyakarta City
ABTRACT Background: The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several factors, including enabling factors, supporting factors (such as family income, availability of time based on employment status, working hours, workplace location, and maternal health), as well as driving factors. Objective: To describe the supporting factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This study employed a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit mothers with children aged 6–12 months. Results: Among 35 breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 6–12 months, 62.9% provided exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, 62.9% of the mothers were employed, 71.4% had higher family income, 57.1% worked less than 8 hours per day, and 45.1% worked outside the home. Conclusion: The findings indicate that maternal employment, working hours, and workplace location are key supporting factors for the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, both higher family income (≥ regional minimum wage) and lower family income (< regional minimum wage) were associated with higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding compared to non-exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: Employment, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Family Income, Working Hours, Workplace Location.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR ANEMIA IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
The prevalence of anemia among women of childbearing age in Indonesia remains high. Iron supplementation alone is not able to fully address this problem. Many direct and indirect risk factors contribute to anemia. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for anemia in women of childbearing age. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 202 women of childbearing age in Semarang City, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using a bivariate chi-square test. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to determine the risk of independent variables on anemia. The results showed the prevalence of anemia in women of childbearing age was 49.5%. There was no significant association between anemia and age (p=0.457), mean arterial pressure/MAP (p= 0.795 ; OR=1.436), body mass index/BMI (p=0.848; OR=0.860), menstrual cycle (p=0.222; OR=1.842), menstrual duration (p=0.266; OR=0.550), or exercise habits (p=0.672; OR=1.229). The only variable significantly associated with anemia was maternal history of anemia (p=0.000; OR=4.189). In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia in women of childbearing age is still high. Maternal history of anemia is a significant risk factor for the incidence of anemia. Further studies with a larger sample size and a longer observation period are needed. Keywords: Anemia, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Body Mass Index (BMI), Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Duration, Maternal History of Anemia
The Relationship Between Husband’s Support And Level Of Stress In Parenting A Baby With Breastfeeding Self Efficacy in Breastfeeding Mothers
Breastfeeding is crucial for infant survival. However, many new mothers face challenges with exclusive breastfeeding, often due to low self-efficacy. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at Tabanan I Health Center is only 49%, including the 5 lowest in Tabanan Regency. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between husband's support, maternal stress, and breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) among breastfeeding mothers at this health center. This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design, conducted from March to April 2025. A total of 50 breastfeeding mothers were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that 50% of respondents reported good husband support, 52% had low parenting stress, and 50% had high BSE. Bivariate analysis using Spearman's Rank correlation revealed a very strong positive correlation between husband's support and BSE (p=0.000, r=0.797). Conversely, there was a very strong negative correlation between parenting stress and BSE (p=0.000, r=-0.815). The study concludes that a significant relationship exists between husband's support and parenting stress levels with BSE in breastfeeding mothers. It is recommended that mothers communicate openly with their husbands about the challenges and needs they face during breastfeeding. Feelings of discomfort or a lack of confidence can negatively impact breast milk production hormones.
DIFFERENCES IN ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY CONTENT ON 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF YOUNG AND OLD LEAVES OF THE CAJUPUTIH PLANT (Melaleuca cajuputi)
Background: Eucalyptus leaves are one of the natural sources of phenolic compounds that have the potential as antioxidants that can ward off free radicals. The active compounds in eucalyptus leaf extract depend highly on the maturity of the leaves used in the extraction process. Objective: To determine the differences in antioxidant activity against 70% ethanol extract of young leaves and old leaves of eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi) using UV- Vis spectrophotometer antioxidant activity is seen from the IC50 and AAI values obtained. Method: Antioxidant Activity Testing using the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) method and the Independent Sample T-Test parametric test to evaluate the differences between the two leaf extracts, namely young leaves and old leaves, on the levels of antioxidant activity. Results: This study showed that young leaf extract has higher antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 14.46 ppm with an AAI value of 2.76; in old leaves, it obtained an IC50 value of 17.82 ppm with an AAI value of 2.24. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in antioxidant activity between young leaf extract and old leaf extract of eucalyptus plants. Keywords: Antioxidant, Eucalyptus leaves, Extract, Leaf
The Relationship between Carbohydrate Consumption, Nutritional Status, and Blood Sugar Level In Outpatient Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus In The Hospital
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased blood sugar levels caused by impaired insulin secretion. Increased blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus can be influenced by consumption patterns and nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between carbohydrate consumption, nutritional status, and blood sugar levels in outpatients with type II diabetes mellitus at Surya Husadha Hospital, Denpasar. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted in November 2024, with a sample size of 50 people. Carbohydrate consumption data were collected using the SQ-FFQ form, nutritional status data were obtained from waist and hip circumference measurements, blood sugar level data were obtained from the patient's medical records after examination. The results of the study showed that 54% had a carbohydrate consumption level above daily needs with an average carbohydrate consumption of 329,52 grams, 70% were classified as abdominal obesity with an average RLPP in men of 0,99 and in women of 0,95, and 64% had uncontrolled blood sugar levels with an average of 205,38 mg/dL. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between carbohydrate consumption and blood sugar levels (p <0,05, r = 0,437) and there was a relationship between nutritional status and blood sugar levels (p <0,05, r = 0,318).
The Effect of Substituting Wheat Flour with Pumpkin Flour (Cucurbita Moschata) on the Characteristics of Ladyfinger
This study aims to determine the effect of substituting wheat flour with pumpkin flour on the characteristics of ladyfinger. This experimental study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The results of the study indicate that substituting wheat flour with yellow pumpkin flour has a significant effect on organoleptic quality, including color (3.79–4.23, liked), aroma (3.81–4.29, liked), texture (3.66–4.16, liked), taste 3.58 (somewhat like) – 4.26 (like), overall acceptance 3.79–4.26 (like) with color quality 1.78 (yellow) – 2.82 (yellowish-brown) and texture quality 2.28 (slightly crispy) – 2.81 (crispy). The treatment also had a significant effect on crude fiber content (0.365%–0.467%) but had no significant effect on beta-carotene content (7.61–8.40 mg/100g). The best treatment in this study was P3 (80% wheat flour : 20% pumpkin flour) with preferred organoleptic quality, including color 4.23 (liked), aroma 4.29 (liked), texture 4.16 (liked), taste 4.20 (liked), overall acceptance 4.26 (liked), color quality 2.82 (yellowish-brown) and texture quality 2.81 (crispy) with crude fiber content 0.398%, beta-carotene content 8.32 mg/100g, protein content 3.89%, fat 30.45%, carbohydrate content 56.57%, ash content 1.598%, and moisture content 3.28%.
Overview of Adolescents’ Knowledge Regarding the Dangers of Smoking on Oral Health and Oral Cancer
Smoking is a harmful habit that affects both general and oral health, including increasing the risk of oral cancer. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to initiating smoking due to peer influence, social environment, and misconceptions about social status. This study aimed to describe adolescents’ knowledge regarding the dangers of smoking on dental and oral health. A descriptive survey was conducted among adolescents selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 93.75% of respondents had good knowledge, 6.25% had moderate knowledge, and none had poor knowledge, with a mean score of 95.47 (good category). However, four respondents (12.5%) reported having started smoking less than one year ago, indicating that knowledge alone does not prevent the initiation of smoking. These findings emphasize the need for continuous health education and preventive programs in schools and communities. Effective strategies should involve teachers, parents, and health professionals, as well as the use of social media and community-based approaches to engage adolescents. Regular monitoring of smoking behavior and the creation of smoke-free environments at home and school are also recommended, as high knowledge is expected to encourage adolescents to avoid smoking for the sake of their health.In conclusion, most adolescents demonstrated good knowledge of the dangers of smoking, yet preventive interventions remain essential to reduce smoking behavior and improve oral health outcomes. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Cancer, Dental health, Adolescents, Knowledge
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOLESTEROL CONSUMPTION AND CENTRAL OBESITY LEVELS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AT PUSKESMAS II NORTH DENPASAR
Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg which is influenced by high cholesterol consumption and central obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cholesterol consumption and central obesity levels and blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the North Denpasar II Health Center. This type of research is observational with a cross sectional design. This research will be carried out in February-March 2025. The number of samples in this study is 93 people. The data collected included cholesterol consumption levels using the SQ-FFQ form, central obesity data assessed through waist circumference, and blood pressure measured with RGB BPM PRO (Blood Pressure Monitor). The statistical test used is the spearman rank test. The results showed that as many as 43% had higher cholesterol consumption levels, 78.5% had central obesity, and as many as 61.3% had hypertensive blood pressure. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between the level of cholesterol consumption and blood pressure (p<0.05) and there was a relationship between central obesity and blood pressure (p<0.05).
The Relationship Between Cultural Factors and the Choice of Complementary and Alternative Health Services in Independent Nursing Practices in Bali
Culture is a driving factor behind the high percentage of complementary and alternative health service selection. This study aims to determine the relationship between factors associated with the selection of complementary and alternative health services in Private Nursing Practices in Bali in 2024. The study design used a cross-sectional approach with a sample size of 113 people purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test and logistic regression. The results showed that technological factors, cultural values and lifestyle factors, economic factors, and educational level factors had p-values < α = 0.05. Meanwhile, religious and philosophical factors, as well as social and kinship factors, had p-values > α = 0.05. The Wald Sig value of 0.000 < 0.05 indicates that the dominant factor is technology. Based on the results of the study, choosing complementary and alternative health services and the high level of individualism cause a rift in social interaction and decision-making tends to be based on one's own opinion. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference to understand the differences in cultural backgrounds in the selection of complementary and alternative nursing services.
Integrating Environmental Wellness, Environmental Spirituality, And The Tri Hita Karana Philosophy In Cancer Prevention And Supportive Therapy
Abstract: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, demanding innovative and holistic approaches for prevention and supportive therapy. Beyond biomedical interventions, evidence highlights the significance of environmental and spiritual dimensions in cancer management. This paper explores the integration of Environmental Wellness, Environmental Spirituality, and the Tri Hita Karana philosophy as a framework for cancer prevention and supportive care. Environmental Wellness emphasizes the importance of clean air, safe water, nutritious food, and sustainable ecosystems in reducing exposure to carcinogenic factors. Concurrently, Environmental Spirituality reflects the human capacity to connect with nature, fostering psychological resilience and encouraging healthy lifestyles. The Tri Hita Karana philosophy from Balinese culture provides a unique lens by harmonizing relationships among humans, nature, and the divine. Together, these dimensions may create supportive environments for physical health while nurturing mental and spiritual well-being, both essential for cancer prevention and healing. Through a literature review and conceptual analysis, this paper identifies synergistic pathways where environmental and spiritual wellness intersect with cancer care. The framework suggests that combining environmentally sustainable practices with culturally grounded spirituality can improve quality of life, reduce cancer risks, and support recovery. Importantly, incorporating local wisdom such as Tri Hita Karana into global health discourse enriches the diversity of approaches for holistic oncology. In conclusion, integrating Environmental Wellness, Environmental Spirituality, and Tri Hita Karana offers a novel multidimensional perspective in cancer prevention and supportive therapy, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration across medicine, environmental health, psychology, and cultural studies to advance sustainable, person-centered cancer care.
The Influence Of Maternal Knowledge Determinants According to The Theory of Reasoned Action on Adherence to Neonatal Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening
Congenital hypothyroidism screening (CHS) is a crucial effort to detect thyroid disorders in newborns to prevent growth and developmental delays. This study aimed to analyze the influence of maternal knowledge determinants based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on adherence to congenital hypothyroidism screening among newborns in the working area of the Buleleng I Public Health Center, Buleleng Regency, in 2025. A cross-sectional design, involving 50 postpartum woman selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and was tested bivariately using Fisher exact test. The study was conducted from January to February 2025. Fisher's Exact test indicated that variables significantly associated with CHS adherence were parity (p=0.048; OR=5.17; 95% CI=1.19-22.39), maternal age (p=0.012; OR=7.07; 95% CI=1.57–31.85), maternal education (p=0.002; OR=0.1; 95% CI=0.16-0.63), maternal occupation (p=0.009; OR=9.33; 95% CI=1.72–50.61), source of CHS information (p=0.018; OR=7; 95% CI=1.48-33.1), and family support (p=0.000; OR=27.00; 95% CI=3.03–240.39). Additionally, components of the Theory of Reasoned Action, including attitude toward behavior (p=0.007; OR=8.50; 95% CI=1.83-39.42), subjective norm (p=0.000; OR=27.00; 95% CI=3.03–240.39), and behavioral intention (p=0.004; OR=9.33; 95% CI=1.96-44.36), also showed significant influence. Knowledge determinants and reasoned action theory can be used as measuring tools for maternal compliance in carrying out congenital hypothyroid screening in newborns. Keywords: Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening, Reasoned Action, Adherence.
DENTAL CARIES AND CARIOGENIC FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR AMONG THIRD-GRADE STUDENTS AT SDN 14 DAUH PURI DENPASAR IN 2025
Dental caries remains a major health issue among school-age children, with cariogenic food consumption being one of the primary risk factors. Understanding the prevalence of caries and the associated dietary habits is crucial for early prevention efforts. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic food consumption behavior among third-grade students at SDN 14 Dauh Puri Denpasar in 2025. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, involving 32 students selected as respondents. Data were obtained through structured interviews using a food frequency questionnaire and direct dental examinations to assess caries status. Univariate analysis was conducted to summarize the data. The results indicated that 62.5% of students had dental caries, while 37.5% were caries-free. In terms of cariogenic food consumption behavior, 50% of students fell into the frequent consumption category, followed by 34.3% in the rare category and 15.7% in the very frequent category. Among students with frequent cariogenic food consumption, 81.3% had dental caries. These findings suggest a potential link between frequent intake of cariogenic foods and the presence of dental caries. The study highlights the need for targeted oral health education and dietary behavior interventions in elementary schools to reduce caries incidence. Efforts to reduce sugary food and beverage consumption should be prioritized to support long-term oral health among children. foods
The Effect of Comic Books on Improving Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Brushing Teeth Among Students SDN Sawapudo
Oral health is often neglected, and many people do not understand that the oral cavity is an entry point for germs and bacteria that can cause disease. Comics are a widely recognized medium of information, and with advances in technology, digital comics can be accessed anytime via smartphones. This study aims to determine the effect of using comic books in improving knowledge and attitudes toward tooth brushing among students at SDN Sawapudo. The method used was a single-group design with pre-test and post-test. This study involved 37 students who filled out knowledge and attitude questionnaires that were processed using SPSS and the Wilcoxon test. The results of the knowledge test before the intervention showed that 27% were in the good category, 38% were in the fair category, and 35% were in the poor category. After the intervention, 62% were in the good category, 27% were in the fair category, and 11% were in the poor category. Meanwhile, the attitude results showed that 24% were good, 68% were moderate, and 8% were poor before the intervention, and after the intervention, 24% were good, 76% were moderate, and 0% were poor. The conclusion of the effect test showed a p-value of 0.006 (≤ 0.05), indicating a significant effect between before and after reading comics.
Oral And Dental Health Knowledge Levels Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Before And After Health Education Using Flipchart Media At Public Health Center II West Denpasar
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence globally, including in Indonesia. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to oral and dental health problems, yet their level of knowledge in this area remains relatively low. This study aimed to assess the level of oral and dental health knowledge among diabetes mellitus patients before and after health education using flipchart media. This research is a descriptive study with a pre-test and post-test approach, involving 38 diabetes mellitus patients at Puskesmas II West Denpasar selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate statistical methods to determine the percentage and average knowledge level. Prior to the educational intervention, 73.7% of respondents had a moderate level of knowledge, 10.5% had a good level, and 15.8% had a poor level, with an average score of 67.8, categorized as moderate. Following the educational intervention, there was a significant improvement: 76.3% of respondents achieved a good level of knowledge, 23.7% had a moderate level, and none were in the poor category, with an average score of 80.8, categorized as good. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that health education using flipchart media is effective in improving the oral and dental health knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients.
THE TYPES OF DENTAL AND ORAL CARE NEEDED BY FOREIGN TOURISTS IN ONE OF THE DENTAL CLINICS INSANUR BALI IN 2025
Dental tourism has become a positive trend around the world. Bali as one of the most popular tourist attractions in Indonesia, has the potential to become a promising dental tourism with several supporting facilities and infrastructure as well as quality dental care providers. This study aims to find out the type of dental and oral care needed by foreign tourists at the Sanur dentist clinic, Bali. This study is a descriptive research using a survey method by taking secondary data or existing data through a dental therapist. The results showed that 53.3% of respondents were male and 46.7% female, with 66.6% aged 46-65 years and above and 26.7% aged 26-45 years. The majority of respondents were from Australia (23.3%), Russia (16.7%), and Germany (13.3%). The most needed treatments were scalling (43.3%), dental fillings (26.7%), and tooth extraction (16.7%). The most sources of information about dental clinics are obtained through the internet or Google reviews (56.7%), followed by information from friends or family (23.3%) and word of mouth (20%). In conclusion, the most respondents were men aged 46-65 years and above from Australia, who needed scalling treatment, as well as information about the clinic from the internet or google reviews.
DIFFERENCES IN PRIMARY MENSTRUAL PAIN INTENSITY BEFORE AND AFTER GIVING TURMERIC MEDICINE TO ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Background: One of the problems experienced by adolescents, especially female adolescents, is menstrual pain. Menstrual pain management can be done with non-pharmacological methods, one of which is the administration of turmeric loloh. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the intensity of primary menstrual pain before and after the administration of turmeric loloh in female adolescents girls. Method: The research method used was a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample size used was 20 female adolescents selected by purposive sampling. Pain intensity assessment was carried out using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Research data were taken with the intensity of primary menstrual pain before and after administration of turmeric loloh for two days as much as 150 ml in the morning and evening. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon test with α <0.05. Result: The results of the menstrual pain intensity score before the administration of turmeric loloh showed a median value of 5 and after the administration of turmeric loloh there was a decrease in the median value of 2 with a ρ value of 0.00 <α (0.05) and a Z value of -3.970. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a significant difference in the intensity of primary menstrual pain in adolescent girls before and after administration of turmeric loloh. Turmeric loloh is recommended for adolescent girls as a non-pharmacological alternative to reduce the intensity of primary menstrual pain.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Nano Extract
Background: Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz, commonly known as cemcem, is a medicinal plant recognized for its numerous health benefits. All parts of the cemcem plant are valuable due to their potential medicinal properties, exhibiting various biological activities such as antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Most previous studies have utilized extracts, which come with certain limitations. To enhance the effectiveness of these compounds, this study employed a nano extract, which refers to an extraction method that produces particles on the nanometer scale. This approach aims to improve absorption, increase solubility, and reduce the required dosage. Objective: The study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds in cemcem leaf nano extract using 96% ethanol and to determine its antioxidant activity. Methods: This research is a descriptive study. The phytochemical profile, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, was determined through qualitative tests. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. Results: The phytochemical test showed that the nano extract of cemcem leaves contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the sample was expressed with an IC50 value of 200.88 ppm. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of nano extracts from cemcem leaves is higher than that of conventional extracts. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nano extract from cemcem leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant.
The Length of Time Suffering from Hypertension has an Effect on Increasing Serum Creatinine Levels
Hypertension in the elderly is a major risk factor for renal function decline. Elevated serum creatinine levels serve as an early indicator of kidney impairment. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the length of time suffering from hypertension on serum creatinine levels in elderly hypertensive patients at Tabanan Regional General Hospital. This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional approach involving 43 elderly hypertensive patients selected through accidental sampling. Patients characteristics (age, gender, duration of hypertension, and medication adherence) were obtained through interviews, while serum creatinine levels were measured using the enzymatic colorimetry method. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There were significant differences in serum creatinine levels based on age, gender, duration of hypertension, and medication adherence (p<0.05). Patients aged 70 years and older, as well as those with hypertension lasting more than five years, demonstrated the highest serum creatinine levels, indicating reduced renal function associated with chronic hypertension. Furthermore, individuals who were non-adherent to antihypertensive medication showed significantly higher creatinine levels compared to those who adhered to their treatment regimen. These findings suggest that prolonged hypertension duration plays a crucial role in elevating serum creatinine levels, reflecting progressive renal impairment in the elderly population. Routine monitoring of serum creatinine in hypertensive elderly patients is therefore essential to enable early detection of kidney dysfunction and to support preventive management aimed to reducing the long-term complications of hypertension.
ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND FIBER CONTENT OF SEAWEED ICE CREAM WITH THE RED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) ADDITION
Abstract: Dietary fiber consumption in Indonesia is much as 98% less fruit and vgetables based on Riskesdas 2018. In an effort to increase the consumption of dietary fiber in the community, it is necessary to modify food products with the addition of fiber sources. One of the ingridients that can be used is red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) whisch is one of the sources of dietary fiber that with a sweeth taste, has a strong natural color pigment, and is rich in antioxidants. One of the processed products that can be modified is seaweed ice cream. In this study, an overview of the caracteristics of seaweed ice cream with the addition of the red dragon fruit was carried out using an expetimental method with a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments of adding red dragon fruit as much as 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% per volume of milk. These caracteristics are obtained from organoleptic test on aroma, taste, color, texture, and overall acceptance as well as hedonic ualities of the colour and texture. The result of the organoleptic test showed that the best treatment in this study was the third treatment with the red color quality and very soft texture quality. The energy content in one portion is 477.83 kcal of energy, 1.8 g of protein, 1.82 g of fat, 5.88g of carbohydrates, 0.56 g of fiber content, and 0.8 mg of GAE antioxidants. Keywords: Ice Cream, Red Dragon Fruit, Seaweed, Fibre, Antioxidants.
Community-Based Exercise Intervention to Promote Balance in Older Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a prevalent non-communicable disease (NCD) among older adults, often results in reduced musculoskeletal function and impaired balance, thereby increasing vulnerability to mobility limitations and compromising community resilience. Community-based exercise interventions may provide a sustainable and low-cost strategy to improve health outcomes in this population. This study examined the effect of elderly fitness exercise on balance among older adults with RA in Banjar Anyar Village, Kediri, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was applied to 30 purposively selected participants. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after the intervention. Data normality was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test (p = 0.540), and differences were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in balance following the intervention, with the mean BBS score increasing from 34.50 (SD = 5.507) at pretest to 42.77 (SD = 5.661) at posttest. The mean difference was -8.267 (SD = 3.205), t(29) = -14.128, p < 0.001, with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 2.58). These findings highlight that elderly fitness exercise is an effective and feasible community health practice to enhance balance among older adults with RA. Integrating such programs into community health strategies may strengthen resilience against NCD-related functional decline. Further research with larger samples and randomized designs is recommended.
Barriers to Maternal Nutritional Intake and Their Impact on Stunting: A Qualitative Study in Cirebon, Indonesia
Background: Pregnant women’s nutritional intake is strongly influenced by family income, and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy affects fetal health and development. Chronic malnutrition contributes to stunting, which significantly impairs physical growth, cognitive ability, and future economic productivity. Objective: This study aimed to explore the obstacles to fulfilling pregnant women’s nutritional intake in stunting-prone areas and to identify potential solutions to address nutritional deficiencies. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Kalijaga Village, Cirebon City, involving 10 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who experienced chronic energy deficiency and anemia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions facilitated by the research team. Thematic analysis supported by NVivo software was used for data processing. This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya (Approval No. DP.04.03/F.XVIII.20/KEPK/1069/2025). All participants were informed about the objectives and procedures of the study, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation. Results: Economic constraints were found to be the dominant barrier to adequate maternal nutrition. In addition, unfavorable cultural traditions and early marriage contributed to poor dietary intake among pregnant women. While mothers demonstrated relatively good nutritional awareness, the quality of health education delivered by health workers remained suboptimal.
Antimicrobial Resistance Test of Elephant Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum) Ethanol Extract Against Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteria Using the Disc Diffusion Method
Background of this study is acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. The use of antibiotics is not always effective due to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, natural treatment alternatives such as elephant ginger, which contains active compounds like tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids, are needed. Purpose of this study to measure the diameter of the inhibition zone, analyze, and categorize the effect of ethanol extract of elephant ginger on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. Research method is a true experimental design with Posttest Only Control Design, and data analysis with One Way ANOVA and Least Significant Deference (LSD). The ethanol extract of elephant ginger was prepared in concentrations of 15%, 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5%, and tested against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with three repetitions. Results showed that the inhibition zone increased with the volume of extract used. The 15% concentration produced 8.83 mm (moderate), 17.5% resulted in 9.08 mm (moderate), 20% in 10.52 mm (strong), and 22.5% in 11.06 mm (strong). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant difference in the inhibition zone diameters of Streptococcus pyogenes growth at each concentration of 15%, 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5%.
Primer Design and Optimization of Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for Detection of the mecA Gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections and exhibits resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the presence of the mecA gene. Detection of MRSA is generally performed using traditional methods. However, these approaches have several limitations. With technological advancements, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method has become a more effective option, as it can detect the presence of target DNA more quickly, accurately, and specifically. This study aimed to design specific primers and optimize the PCR method for detecting the mecA gene in MRSA. The research conducted qualitative descriptive by in silico method in primer design and in vitro method in optimization of PCR. DNA samples were obtained from MRSA ATCC 33591 isolates and extracted using the PCIA method. PCR optimization was conducted with annealing temperature variations from 47,5°C to 63,6°C. The results showed that the primer pair forward 5’-TGGCTCAGGTACTGCTATCC-‘3 and reverse 5’-TGGAACTTGTTGAGCAGAGGT-‘3 successfully amplified the mecA gene fragment of 156 bp specifically at the optimal annealing temperature of 55,5°C. It can be concluded that the primer with optimal PCR reaction produced in this study can be used as a rapid and accurate detection method for identifying the mecA gene in MRSA.
A HOLISTIC APPROACH THROUGH MINDFULLNES MEDITATION AND POSITIVE AFFIRMATION AUDIO TO MANAGE ANXIETY AND IMPROVE SLEEP QUALITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SEMARANG DISTRICT
Introduction: Pregnancy is a critical period in a woman’s life, often accompanied by physical, emotional, and hormonal changes. These changes can increase anxiety, particularly during the late trimesters, which may negatively affect sleep quality. Unmanaged anxiety and sleep disturbances can reduce maternal well-being and adversely impact fetal development. Non-pharmacological interventions based on complementary therapies are needed as safe, affordable, and easily applicable alternatives. Mindfulness meditation and audio positive affirmations are holistic approaches believed to effectively manage anxiety while improving sleep quality. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation and audio positive affirmations in reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality among pregnant women in Semarang Regency. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group was employed. The sample consisted of second- and third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Anxiety was measured using the Pregnancy Anxiety Rating Scale Questionnaire (PARSQ), and sleep quality was assessed with the Pregnancy Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQQ). Interventions were delivered routinely according to a structured protocol over several weeks. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: The findings indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels (p < 0.05) and an improvement in sleep quality in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness meditation combined with audio positive affirmations is an effective holistic non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety and enhance sleep quality in pregnant women. These results support the integration of complementary therapies into antenatal care to promote maternal well-being. Keywords: Mindfulness, Meditation, Positive Affirmation, Anxiety, Sleep Quality
THE EFFECT OF HEALTH PROMOTION BASED ON EDUCATIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS DURING THE POSTNATAL PERIOD IN BADUNG REGENCY, BALI
Background: The postpartum period is a critical time that needs to be well prepared for during pregnancy. Assessing educational needs can improve mothers' capacity to provide care. There is still little research exploring educational materials and media that meet mothers' needs, so health education has not achieved optimal results. Methods: A two-stage quasi-experimental study design using a pre test-post test design with a control group. The sample was selected using quota sampling, consisting of 200 people, comprising 100 people in the control group and 100 people in the treatment group. The treatment group was given education by health workers using digital media, e-booklets and videos, in accordance with the material needed by mothers. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: Respondents' knowledge in the intervention group was in the good category (94%) compared to the control group (76%), showing a significant increase (p-value=0.003) in respondents' knowledge. The attitudes of respondents in the intervention group were in the good category (91%), while in the control group, most respondents' attitudes were in the adequate category (93%), showing a significant increase (p-value = 0.000) in respondents' attitudes. The self-efficacy of respondents in the treatment group was in the good category (92%), which was higher than that of the control group (32%), showing a significant increase (p-value = 0.000) in the self-efficacy of respondents in providing maternal and infant care. Conclusion: Providing educational materials using media preferred by mothers can be developed to prepare mothers for the postpartum period. Health promotion based on educational needs analysis has been proven effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of postpartum mothers in caring for mothers and babies.
Yoga and Face Acupressure as a New Breakthrough to Prevent Baby Blues in the Postpartum Period: Qualitative Study
Background: The postpartum period is a critical phase marked by physical, emotional, and psychological changes in mothers. Non-pharmacological interventions such as yoga and facial acupressure are increasingly being researched as methods to improve postpartum maternal comfort. Objective: To assess perceptions and acceptance of the effects of yoga and facial acupressure interventions in preventing baby blues and postpartum depression in Tabanan Regency. Methods: This qualitative study, using thematic analysis, involved midwives, complementary obstetrics experts, provincial and district administrators of the Indonesian Midwives Association, and 15 postpartum mothers up to the fourth week of pregnancy at the Tabanan III Community Health Center. The study was conducted from June to September 2025, and used an in-depth interview guide as the instrument. Results: Four main themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: self-happiness, self-acceptance, acceptance, and relaxation. Of the 15 postpartum mothers, 12 reported no difficulties practicing yoga at home, felt supported by their husbands or families, and practiced yoga regularly. Ten reported no symptoms suggestive of baby blues or postpartum depression. Nearly all respondents reported feeling happy and comfortable doing yoga and facial acupressure at home during the postpartum period. Conclusion: The combination of yoga and facial acupressure is acceptable and recommended for improving maternal comfort during the postpartum period.
ZingSweet: Herbal Drink Based on Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent and Throat Health Support
Background: Synthetic drugs are often used to treat upper respiratory tract inflammation, including throat irritation, but they can cause side effects. Because they are more practical and safer, herbal plants are increasingly in demand. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) contains shogaol and gingerol, which act as anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, and immunomodulators. Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) contains high levels of glycyrrhizin, which acts as an antimicrobial, expectorant, and throat mucosa protector. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential of combining ginger and licorice root in ZingSweet products as functional herbal drinks. Methods: This study used laboratory tests. Phytochemical screening tests were conducted using qualitative methods, in vitro anti-inflammatory tests using the red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization method, and organoleptic tests. Results: ZingSweet extract screening tests were positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and quinones, which act as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Anti-inflammatory testing showed very high membrane stabilization (99.22–99.34%) at concentrations of 5–80 ppm, close to the positive control (98.83%) and far above the negative control (0%). Organoleptic testing also showed that ZingSweet was preferred by panelists in terms of taste, color, and aroma. Conclusion: The combination of gingerol and glycyrrhizin in ZingSweet demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory effects, supports throat health, and is well-received organoleptically. With its instant sachet formulation, this product has the potential to be developed as a practical and safe functional herbal beverage. Keywords: ginger, licorice root, anti-inflammatory, herbal drink, ZingSweet
Traditional Medicinal Plants for Hypertension Control in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi
Hypertension is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas like Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, where access to conventional medical care is limited and traditional remedies remain widely practiced. Among the local population, medicinal plants such as moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), and avocado leaves (Persea americana) are commonly used to manage high blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these three herbal interventions in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure among hypertensive individuals. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 78 participants divided equally into three intervention groups, each receiving a standardized dose of one type of leaf extract daily. Blood pressure measurements were taken before and after the intervention period. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis Test indicated significant differences between groups (p < .001). Post hoc Mann-Whitney U Tests confirmed that bay leaves were the most effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic pressure, followed by avocado leaves for systolic and moringa leaves for diastolic. These findings suggest that bay leaves may offer the most potent antihypertensive effect, possibly due to their high content of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins. The results support the integration of traditional knowledge into community-based health strategies and highlight the potential of locally available medicinal plants as complementary therapies for hypertension control in resource-limited settings like Sigi District
Relationship Between Types of Complementary Feeding and Protein Consumption Levels With Nutritional Status of Children 6-24 Months
Complementary feeding is one of the factors that influence the nutritional status of toddlers in relation to their nutritional intake. This study aims to determine the relationship between the type of complementary feeding and protein consumption levels with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 6-24 months in Subamia Village, Tabanan. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 34 people. This study was conducted from October to December 2024. Anthropometric data were obtained by measuring height, and data on the types of complementary feeding and protein intake were obtained through food recall interviews, then analyzed using Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. Based on the results of Spearman's correlation test, there was no significant relationship between the type of complementary feeding and the nutritional status of toddlers. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation test analysis, there was a significant relationship between protein consumption levels and toddler nutritional status. It is hoped that children aged 6-24 months who receive complementary foods in the adequate category, have insufficient protein intake, and still have nutritional problems, their parents will begin to be careful in providing complementary foods and always monitor their children's nutritional status by regularly visiting and consulting with the health workers. Health workers are also expected to play an active role in increasing public knowledge and awareness of the importance of complementary foods and protein intake.
Mobile Application and Website Development as an Effort to Improve Oral Chemotherapy Adherence in Cancer Patients: A Literature Study
The most common adherence problem with oral chemotherapy is forgetting and getting bored with taking medication, which increases mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Patients forget to take their medication due to busy daily activities and ineffective reminder systems. Patient knowledge about oral chemotherapy also influences chemotherapy adherence. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an educational application with medication reminders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review on application and website development as an effort to improve chemotherapy adherence in cancer patients. This research design is a literature study. This literature search uses articles in English and Indonesian from 5 databases from 2019 to 2024. Articles included in the literature study were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) for mixed method research and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for articles with research designs other than mixed methods. The literature search yielded 10 articles that met the established PICOS framework. Medication reminder apps are crucial for patients undergoing oral chemotherapy because they help patients accurately remember their medication schedules, reducing the risk of missed doses or irregular medication intake. Educational features that should be included in the app include: education on oral chemotherapy and management of chemotherapy side effects. Medication reminders will help patients avoid missing doses, ensuring effective therapy. Education will increase patient knowledge about oral chemotherapy and practical home management of side effects.
AN OVERVIEW OF POSTPARTUM MOTHERS SATISFACTION WITH MIDWIFERY SERVICES IN THE MELATI II WARD OF BULELENG GENERAL HOSPITAL
Good quality of health services is an important factor in increasing patient satisfaction, including postpartum mothers undergoing treatment at health facilities. This study aims to provide an overview of the level of satisfaction of postpartum mothers with the quality of health services in the Melati II Room of Buleleng District Hospital. The method used is descriptive explorative with a quantitative approach. The study population was postpartum mothers treated in the Melati II Room from March to April 2025. The sample size in this study was 80 respondents. The technique used was purposive sampling with specified criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires regarding the characteristics of postpartum mothers and the level of satisfaction with the midwifery services received. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the characteristics of respondents and the level of satisfaction with health services. The results showed that the level of satisfaction of postpartum mothers with health services in the Melati II Room was in the good category, with an average conversion value of 79 on a scale of 100. The elements with the highest scores were the reasonableness of service costs and complaint handling, while the quality of facilities and infrastructure had the lowest score. The conclusion of this study shows that health services in the Melati II Room are quite adequate but there needs to be an improvement in the physical facilities aspect. It is recommended that Buleleng District Hospital improve the quality of physical facilities, room comfort, and cleanliness. Keywords: Postpartum Mother Satisfaction, Midwifery Services, Maternal Health Services
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTORY OF ANTE-NATAL CARE VISITS AND THE INCIDENCE OF CAESAREAN SECTION AT THE BULELENG GENERAL HOSPITAL
Caesarean section (SC) delivery results in higher maternal morbidity and delivery costs compared to vaginal delivery. The low coverage of K4 visits, at 85.6%, which is still below the target of 95%, also affects the delivery method mothers choose. Based on interviews, seven of 10 mothers who underwent SC delivery did not have antenatal care (ANC) visits according to the standard. This study aims to determine the relationship between the history of antenatal care visits and the incidence of caesarean section at the Buleleng General Hospital. The Study placed at Buleleng General Hospital, implementation in March until April 2025. This study is an analytical correlational study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The respondents were 83 postpartum mothers. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results of the study showed that most of pregnant women whose ANC visits were conducted according to the standard gave birth by SC 46 respondents (70%), and 52 respondents (78.7%) had received quality ANC gave birth by the caesarean section method.There was no relationship between the frequency of antenatal visits and the incidence of caesarean section. There was a significant relationship between the quality of ANC and the incidence of caesarean section. Health workers are advised to provide comprehensive obstetric care to pregnant women who seek health services
Natural Biomass Adsorbents from Seaweed and Coconut Fiber for Weaving Wastewater Treatment: A Study on TDS, TSS, and Color Reduction
The weaving industry generates wastewater containing high levels of suspended solids, dissolved solids, and synthetic dyes that can threaten aquatic ecosystems if discharged untreated. This study investigates the effectiveness of seaweed and coconut husk powder as combined adsorbents for improving weaving wastewater quality in Nusa Penida, Bali. Three treatment variations (V1, V2, and V3) were applied, while untreated wastewater served as the control. Key parameters measured included Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and color, using standard water quality assessment methods. Results showed that treatment V3 provided the highest pollutant removal efficiency. TSS decreased significantly from 72.89 mg/L in the control to 14.78 mg/L after V3 treatment, while color values reduced drastically from 2202.6 TCU to 235.61 TCU. TDS also exhibited notable reductions, confirming the strong adsorption capacity of the combined materials. The superior performance of V3 suggests that the optimal ratio of seaweed and coconut husk powder enhances binding capacity and surface interaction with pollutants. Compared to conventional treatments, this method is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and utilizes locally abundant resources, making it highly suitable for small-scale industries. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential application of natural adsorbents as a sustainable solution for weaving wastewater management, while further research is recommended to optimize large-scale application and evaluate reusability of the adsorbents
Assessing The Role of Family Support in Complementary Feeding for infants in Central Sulawesi
Giving appropriate food to infants aged 6 - 24 months is highly desirable because it is a moment of rapid growth and development of infants, it often termed a golden period as well as a critical period. This study aimed to find out of family support for infant nutrition in the area of Kamonji Primary Health Care, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study used 61 mothers who had children aged 6-24 months as sample. The sample are 61 mothers who had children aged 6-24 months. The sample was selected by a simple random sampling technique. Variables of family support refer to emotional, appreciation, material, and informational support. The results showed that emotional support in the supportive category in terms of the husband giving more encouragement and attention when the wife gave complementary foods. Appreciation support given to the wife was the husband giving compliment to the mother every time her child finished food. The category of information support found that the husband advised the mother on the importance of complementary foods, as well as the procedures for preparing them. Family support for infant nutrition plays a very important role, especially the husband as the best supporter for the mother during the period of providing complementary foods for breast milk.
OVERVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MAINTAINING DENTAL HEALTH AND FIXED DENTAL CARIES IN GRADE V STUDENTS AT SDN 10 PEDUNGAN IN 2025
Dental and oral health are often underpaid by some people, even though they play an important role as the main route for germs and bacteria to enter. The awareness of children aged 10-12 years on the importance of maintaining dental and oral health is still relatively low. This can be seen from the habits of those who tend to be lazy to brush their teeth and often consume sweet foods every day. The purpose of this study is to find out an overview of knowledge about maintaining dental health and fixed dental caries in grade V students at SDN 10 Pedungan in 2025. This type of research is descriptive using primary data in the form of knowledge test results and direct dental examination results of students as well as secondary data in the form of student attendance. The results of the study on 31 students showed that the level of knowledge with the most criteria was found in the category of sufficient knowledge level, which was 22 students 71,0%. The number of students affected by caries was 11 students (35,5%). The average level of knowledge about maintaining dental health for students is 65 with a good category. The average student fixed dental caries was 0.52. The average fixed dental caries is based on the level of knowledge about maintaining dental and oral health with the good category 0,25, the moderate category 0,36, and the poor category 1,4.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus ammaryllifolius.R) LEAVES AGAINST THE GROWTH OF THE FUNGUS Aspergillus sp
Aspergillosis or Brooder Pneumonia, Mycotic pneumonia or pneumonycosis. Aspergillosis is a disease of the respiratory system caused by infection of fungi orogin from genus Aspergilus. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of fragrant pandan leaves (pandanus ammaryllifolius.R) on the growth of the fungus Aspergillus sp. The data used in this research is primary data obtained from experiments in the laboratory. The sample used was ethanol extract of fragrant pandan leaves with concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with repetitions of 3 times each. Testing in the laboratory used the disc diffusion method with the antimicrobial test medium PDA (potato dextrose agar) with the following average results: ethanol extract of fragrant pandan leaves with concentrations of 20% (5,99 nm), 30% (7.29 nm), 40% ( 9.75 nm), 50% (12,1 nm) and ketoconazole 2% (39,16 nm) as positive controls. Statistical testing uses the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test and the Tukey HSD test as further tests. Ethanol extract of fragrant pandan leaves (pandanus ammaryllifolius.R) had a significant effect on the growth of Aspergillus sp (P= 0.000).
The Risk of Overweight based on Frequency, Type, and Level of Knowledge about Fast Food among Students at Dwijendra Junior High School Denpasar
Overweight is a gateway to non-communicable diseases. The aims of this study are to determine the risk of overweight based on the frequency of junk food consumption among students at Dwijendra Junior High School Denpasar. This study is observational with cross-sectional design and was conducted at Dwijendra Junior High School Denpasar with sample 70 students. Data collected included knowledge, types and frequency of fast food consumption, as well as measurements of weight and height. The results indicate that the frequency of fast food consumption is one of the factors contributing to overweight, showing a significant risk only in the sample where the selection of fast food types was not diverse (95% CI : 1,03 – 17,76). This selection of fast food types is related to students’ knowledge about fast food. It was found that the risk of fast food frequency was also not significant in the sample with high knowledge (95% CI : 0,25 – 24,46) and only showed a significant risk in the sample with low knowledge (95% CI : 1,00 – 19,86). It was concluded that the frequency of fast food consumption has the potential to increase the risk of overweight, especially if the types of fast food consumption are not various. Therefore, education about the health effects of fast food consumption among students needs to be promoted more, and if necessary, this subject matter should be presented as one of the teaching materials in schools.
The Relationship Between Fat Consumption Levels And Nutritional Status On The Level Of Dysmenorrhea Among Female Students At Junior High School 3 Tampaksiring Gianyar
Based on National Health Survey in 2018, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is 64.25% of the total female population. According to theory, an imbalance in fat consumption and nutritional status can trigger dysmenorrhea. This study aims to determine the relationship between fat consumption and nutritional status on the level of dysmenorrhea among female students at SMP Negeri 3 Tampaksiring. This type of research is observasional with a crosssectional design, conducted in April 2025 with a sampel of 60 people, using proportional random sampling. The data collected included fat consumption levels using a Food Recall 24-hour method, nutritional status using anthropometric measurements, and dysmenorrhea levels using a Numeric Rating Scale Questionnaire. Analysis of variable tendency tests using the Collerasi statistical method. The results showed that 85% experienced dysmenorrhea and 15% did not experience dysmenorrhea, with 83.33% having an unbalanced and 16.67% having a balanced fat intake, as well as 65% having a normal nutritional status and 34% having an abnormal nutritional status. The tendency for increased dysmenorrhea pain increased in samples with moderate to excessive fat consumption accompanied by an increase in nutritional status (p-value = 0.75). Needed to improve knowledge about preventing menstrual and nutritional issues
The Effect Of Aerobics Nangun Sat Kerthi Loka Bali On Blood Pressure In Pre-Elderly People With Hypertension In The Work Area Center Of Health Puskesmas Blahbatuh I Gianyar Regency
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is a major concern in the health sector. One of the ways to lower blood pressure is to exercise. Aerobics nangun sat kerthi loka bali aerobic is a light exercise that can be done by elderly people with hypertension, which can help improve blood vessel circulation and prevent blood vessel dilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobics nangun sat kerthi loka bali on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension at UPTD Puskesmas Blahbatuh I Gianyar Regency. Quasy-experimental research design with the type of research used pre-test-posttest with control group and by using purposive sampling method with 34 respondents. The results obtained the average systole blood pressure before treatment 140.06 mmHg, diastole before treatment 85.88mmHg and systole blood pressure after treatment 135.53 mmHg, diastole after treatment 81.06 mmHg. Hypothesis testing using paired t-test and obtained systolic p value = 0.000 and diastolic p value = 0.001, it can be concluded that there is an effect of aerobic gymnastics Nangun Sat Kerthi Loka Bali on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension at UPTD Puskesmas Blahbatuh I Gianyar Regency. Based on this, it is hoped that aerobics nangun sat kerthi loka bali can be applied as a non-pharmacological treatment to lower blood pressure. Key words: Aerobic, blood pressure, hypertension
Knowledge Differences of Women at Reproductive Age Before and After Education on Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Through Video Media in the Working Area of UPTD Puskesmas Klungkung I
Cervical cancer is one of reproductive health problems in women. One of contributing factors to the high incident numbers is the reported cases comes with symptoms that require intense treatment. The awareness to do the early detection through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) in public is considered low due to the lack of knowledge and available education media. This study aim to find out the difference of knowledge before and after the education of VIA through video media within the service area of UPTD Puskesmas Klungkung I. This is a quasi-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test design. Study sample consisted of 40 women at reproductive age as respondents who were selected through purposive sampling. This study was conducted within the service area of UPTD Puskesmas Klungkung I started from March 2025 to April 2025. The data was collected through questionnaire before and after intervention. The results shows that the mean value of knowledge from pre-test is 60 with 60% of respondents have knowledge level in poor category. The mean value of knowledge from post-test is 90,5 with 92,5% of respondents have knowledge in good category. The results of Wilcoxon test shows p value 0,000 < 0,05 with study positive rank value of 37, which shows 37 respondents gain increase of knowledge after intervention. In summary, there is difference of knowledge in women at reproductive age before and after VIA education through video media. It is expected to provide education regarding the importance of early detection for cervical cancer to women at reproductive age through video media could be optimized, therefore it could motivate women at reproductive age to do VIA detection.
APPLICATION OF THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL IN RELATION TO SELF-CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has shown a significant increase in prevalence every year and requires long-term management. Good self-control is essential to maintain blood glucose stability and prevent complications. However, individuals perceptions of the disease often influence their health behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and self-control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Tabanan III in 2025. This research employed a quantitative, analytical correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 128 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The results showed significant relationships between perceived susceptibility (r = 0.181; p = 0.041), perceived severity (r = 0.402; p = 0.000), and perceived benefits (r = 0.132; p = 0.000) with self-control (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between perceived barriers and self-control (r = 0.106; p = 0.235). These findings indicate that the more positive an individual's perceptions regarding susceptibility, severity, and benefits, the higher their level of self-control. Conversely, perceived barriers did not significantly influence self-control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Tabanan III.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUSBAND'S SUPPORT AND THE USE OF CONTRACEPTION IN WOMEN OF FERTILE AGE AT SELEMADEG BARAT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER
The use of contraceptives in Indonesia is still relatively low. The low CPR (Contraceptive Prevalence Rate) indicates that more than 56.2% of WUS in Indonesia have not used contraceptives. The low use of contraceptives is caused by decision factors from the wife herself or from outside. One of them is support from the family, especially the husband. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between husband's support and the use of contraceptives in women of childbearing age at the Selemadeg Barat Health Center. The type of research is a correlation analysis using a cross-sectional design in March- April 2025 at the Selemadeg Barat Health Center. The number of samples in this study was 51 married women of fertile age. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire. The results showed that most (56.9%) husbands did not provide support to their wives to use contraceptives at childbearing age. Respondents who chose not to use contraceptives reached 47.1%. The results of the analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test obtained a significant value of 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between husband's support and the use of contraceptives in women of childbearing age. Women of childbearing age who have been married are advised to plan more on the number of children and sufficient birth spacing through the use of contraception.
Difference in Haemoglobin Rates in Young Women Given Fe tablets with Fe tablets Vitamin C Combination in Lembeng Ketewel village
Background: Adolescent girls require high levels of iron due to their rapid growth and development. They are at high risk of anaemia because their nutritional needs exceed those of other age groups, and they are more physically active. This study aimed to determine the difference in haemoglobin levels between adolescent girls given iron tablets alone and those given iron tablets combined with vitamin C. Methods: The research used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of adolescent girls aged 16–19 years. A total of 44 participants were divided into two groups: Treatment Group I (iron tablets), consisting of 22 participants, and Treatment Group II (iron tablets combined with vitamin C), consisting of 22 participants. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Statistical tests employed included the Paired t-test and the Independent t-test. Results: the paired t-test in group I showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in haemoglobin levels before and after the administration of iron tablets. Discussion: the paired t-test in Treatment Group II showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a difference in haemoglobin levels before and after the administration of iron tablets combined with vitamin C.