THE IMPACT OF BREASTFEEDING DURATION ON BREAST CANCER RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Ni Wayan Armini, Ni Ketut Somoyani, Ni Made Dwi Mahayati

Abstract


Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Breastfeeding has been identified as a potential protective factor against breast cancer risk. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk based on scientific literature published between 2019 and 2024. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as "breastfeeding duration," "breast cancer," and "risk." Eligible studies included observational studies, cohort studies, and meta-analyses that assessed the relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk. The analysis revealed that breastfeeding for more than 12 months was consistently associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly for premenopausal breast cancer. This relationship is believed to be related to the hormonal effects of breastfeeding, which reduce estrogen levels and, in turn, decrease the likelihood of abnormal breast cell proliferation. Additionally, factors such as maternal age at childbirth, parity, hormonal status, and lifestyle also influenced the strength of this association. Some studies reported inconsistent results, particularly in different population groups and study designs, suggesting the potential influence of unaccounted confounding factors. Nonetheless, the majority of studies support the hypothesis that longer breastfeeding duration acts as a protective factor against breast cancer. Further research is required to clarify the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship and account for other potential confounding variables.

Keywords


breast cancer, risk, breastfeeding duration, systematic review

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33992/icmahs.v2i1.3740

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